H/V spectral ratio characteristics of hidden fault site based on ambient noise test
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摘要: 基于四川石棉县安顺场隐伏断层穿越区的60余次环境噪声测试，探讨了隐伏断层对环境噪声H/V谱比特征的影响，并且通过研究区所获卓越频率对其覆盖层厚度进行估算，以覆盖层厚度的变化揭示了隐伏断层的行迹。结果显示：① 在排除可能受河流影响引发的高频区后，隐伏断层带处的H/V谱比曲线多呈现高频、低放大系数和多峰值频率等特点；② 覆盖层厚度在部分强风化区和河流高频区存在5—10 m的差异；③ 环境噪声阵列反演所得部分覆盖层厚度变化较大区域与隐伏断层的形迹吻合。Abstract: Ambient noise research has become a hot spot in geological exploration, but the research on ambient noise in alpine and gorge regions of Southwest China is still in its infancy. Based on more than 60 ambient noise tests conducted in the hidden fault crossing area of Anshun field in Shimian county, Sichuan, this paper explores the influence of hidden faults on the H/V spectral ratio characteristics of ambient noise. The results show that after excluding predominant-frequency areas that may be caused by the influence of rivers, the H/V spectral ratio curves are characterized by high frequency, low H/V spectrum ratio, and multi peak frequency on the fault zone. In addition, we estimated the thickness of overburden in this field by analyzing the predominant frequency of this test, and the calculation results of the overburden layer show thickness difference of 5−10 m in some strong weathering areas and high frequency areas of rivers. Moreover some areas with large changes in overburden thickness obtained by ambient noise array inversion are consistent with the trace distribution of the hidden faults. This study attempts to reveal the traces of hidden faults by using the ambient noise method, which provides a new reference basis for the exposure of hidden faults.
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Key words:
- ambient noise /
- H/V spectral ratio /
- predominant frequency /
- hidden fault
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图 1 石棉县安顺场及周边的地质简图
Figure 1. Geological map of Anshun filed of Shimian county and its surrounding regions
图 2 环境噪声现场测试仪器（a）和环境噪声H/V谱比曲线 （b）
图（b）中黑虚线代表标准差，黑实线代表平均谱比曲线，彩色曲线代表每个频带窗口的谱比曲线
Figure 2. Field test instrument of ambient noise （a） and H/V spectral ratio curves of ambient noise （b）
In Fig. （b），black dashed curves stand for standard deviation，the black curve for average spectral ratio，color curve for the spectral ratio of each band window
图 3 安顺场区EW向（a）和NS向（b）卓越频率等值线图
Figure 3. Contour map of predominant frequency in EW （a） and NS （b） directions in Anshun field area
图 4 安顺场区EW向（a）和NS向（b）谱比放大系数等值线图
Figure 4. Contour map of spectral ratio amplification factor in EW （a） and NS （b） directions in Anshun field area
图 5 断层行迹及测点的H/V谱比曲线
（a） 断层行迹及测点分布；（b） 东、西侧断层附近测点的H/V谱比曲线
Figure 5. Fault trace and spectral ratio H/V curves of the measuring points
（a） Fault traces and the measuring point distribution；（b） H/V spectral ratio curves of the measuring points nearby the east and west sides of the faults
图 6 工程地质剖面AA′ 和BB′ （a）及覆盖层厚度等值线图（b）
Figure 6. Engineering geological profiles AA′ and BB′ （a） and contour map of overburden layer thickness （b）
表 1 浅表层岩土场地分类表
Table 1. Geotechnical site classification of superficial layer
浅层岩土类型 vS/（m·s−1） 覆盖层厚度h/m h＜3 3＜h＜9 9≤h＜80 h≥80 基岩 vS＞500 Ⅰ − − − 中硬土层 250＜vS≤500 Ⅰ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅱ 中软土层 125＜vS≤250 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅱ Ⅲ 软弱土层 vS＜125 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ 
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