Comparative study on grounding resistance measurement method of geo-electric resistivity electrode in geo-resistivity observation
-
摘要: 利用传统三极接地电阻率测量方法对井下电极接地电阻进行测量会存在较大的测量误差,表明该方法已不适用于井下电极接地电阻测量。针对此问题,提出了利用台站现有地电阻率仪器进行电极接地电阻测量的新方法—直接测量法,并基于传统三极法和直接测量法对北京平谷地震台井下观测供电电极接地电阻进行了测量。北京平谷地震台测量结果表明:与传统三极法对比,直接测量法的测量结果更为准确、可靠,而且节省人力、物力和时间。Abstract: When using the traditional three electrode method to measure the underground electrode grounding resistance, there will be a large measurement error, which suggests that the method will not be suitable for the underground electrode ground resistance measurement. In view of this problem, this paper proposes a new method for measuring the electrode grounding resistance by using the geo-electric resistivity observation system, which is so called direct measurement method. Furthermore, the grounding resistances of the underground observation power supply electrodes of Pinggu seismic station of Beijing were measured by using the traditional three-pole method and the direct measurement method. The measurement results show that, compared with the traditional three pole method, the direct measurement method can get more reliable measurement results with less error, and saves man power and measuring time.
-
表 1 不同土壤电阻率ρs、不同电极埋深h和不同电极尺寸条件下的接地电阻测量误差e和相对误差δ
Table 1. Measurement error e and relative error δ of grounding resistance with different soil resistivity ρs,electrode buried depth h and electrode size
电极半径r0
/m电极埋深h=100 m h=200 m ρs=100 Ω•m ρs=200 Ω•m ρs=100 Ω•m ρs=200 Ω•m e/Ω δ e/Ω δ e/Ω δ e/Ω δ 0.2 0.492 1.24% 0.984 1.24% 0.638 1.60% 1.276 1.60% 0.5 0.491 3.08% 0.982 3.08% 0.638 4.01% 1.276 4.01% 1.0 0.492 6.17% 0.984 6.17% 0.638 8.02% 1.277 8.02% 表 2 利用不同方法得到的供电极A和B接地电阻的测量结果
Table 2. Measurement results of grounding resistance of the power supply poles A and B by different methods
测量次数 被测电极A的接地电阻/Ω 被测电极B的接地电阻/Ω 直接测量法 直线三极法 直接测量法 直线三极法 第一次 59.36 54.7 54.46 51.0 第二次 59.40 54.8 54.39 50.8 第三次 59.43 54.8 54.35 50.9 第四次 59.37 55.4 54.38 51.0 第五次 59.44 54.7 54.41 50.9 均值 59.40 54.9 54.40 50.9 均方差 0.03 0.28 0.04 0.08 实测差值 −4.52 −3.48 实测相对误差 −7.62% −6.39% -
[1] 杜学彬. 2010. 在地震预报中的两类视电阻率变化[J]. 中国科学:地球科学,40(10):1321–1330. [2] Du X B. 2010. Two types of changes in apparent resistivity in earthquake prediction[J]. Science China Earth Science,54(1):145–156. [3] 冯慈璋. 1983. 电磁场[M]. 第二版. 北京: 高等教育出版社: 108–110. [4] Feng C Z. 1983. Electromagnetic FIeld[M]. Second edition. Beijing: Higher Education Press: 108–110 (in Chinese). [5] 冯志伟,马金福. 2009. 电位降法测量接地电阻时电压极补偿点位置分析[J]. 电气应用,28(8):18–19. [6] Feng Z W,Ma J F. 2009. Analysis of the position of the voltage pole compensation point when measuring grounding resistance by fall-of-potential method[J]. Electrotechnical Application,28(8):18–19 (in Chinese). [7] 高曙德. 2016. 深井地电观测技术在地震监测中的应用探讨[J]. 地球物理学进展,31(5):2078–2088. doi: 10.6038/pg20160526 [8] Gao S D. 2016. Discussion on the deep well geoelectric observation technique applied in earthquake monitoring[J]. Progress in Geophysics,31(5):2078–2088 (in Chinese). [9] 钱家栋. 2010. 地震电磁学理论基础与观测技术[M]. 北京: 地震出版社: 293. [10] Qian J D. 2010. Underpinnings and Observation Technology of Seismic Electro-Magnetism[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press: 293 (in Chinese) [11] 钱家栋,马钦忠,李劭秾. 2013. 汶川MS8.0地震前成都台NE测线地电阻率异常的进一步研究[J]. 地震学报,35(1):4–17. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-3782.2013.01.002 [12] Qian J D,Ma Q Z,Li S N. 2013. Further study on the anomalies in apparent resistivity in the NE configuration at Chengdu station associated with Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica,35(1):4–17 (in Chinese). [13] 王洪泽, 杨丹, 王梦云. 2007. 电力系统接地技术手册[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社: 15–17. [14] Wang H Z, Yang D, Wang M Y. 2007. Manual of Grounding Technology of Power System[M]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press: 15–17 (in Chinese). [15] 王兰炜,张宇,张世中,颜蕊,王子影,张兴国,胡哲. 2015. 我国井下地电阻率观测技术现状分析[J]. 地震地磁观测与研究,36(2):95–102. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3246.2015.02.018 [16] Wang L W,Zhang Y,Zhang S Z,Yan R,Wang Z Y,Zhang X G,Hu Z. 2015. The status of deep-well geo-electrical resistivity observation in China[J]. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,36(2):95–102 (in Chinese). [17] 解滔,于晨,卢军. 2019. 开展小极距井下地电阻率观测的可行性分析[J]. 中国地震,35(1):14–24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4683.2019.01.002 [18] Xie T,Yu C,Lu J. 2019. Feasibility analysis on short-electrode spacing well apparent resistivity observation[J]. Earthquake Research in China,35(1):14–24 (in Chinese). [19] 徐程,庞亮. 2010. 直线三极法接地电阻测试原理与方法[J]. 科技创业月刊,(10):177–179. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2272.2010.10.080 [20] Xu C,Pang L. 2010. Principle and method of grounding resistance measurement by three pole method[J]. Pioneering With Science &Technology Monthly,(10):177–179 (in Chinese). [21] 杨德荣,梁丹. 2007. 接地电阻测量中应注意的几个问题[J]. 气象研究与应用,28(2):72–74. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8411.2007.02.019 [22] Yang D R,Liang D. 2007. Several problems paying attention to in measuring grounding resistance[J]. Journal of Meteorological Research and Application,28(2):72–74 (in Chinese). [23] 应顺潮. 1992. 接地电阻测量中测试极位置的确定[J]. 高电压技术,(1):80–83. [24] Ying S C. 1992. Spacing of test electrodes for measurement of ground resistance[J]. High Voltage Engineering,(1):80–83 (in Chinese). [25] 曾嵘,何金良,高延庆,孙为民,屠幼萍. 2001. 电极位置对垂直三层土壤结构中接地系统接地电阻测量结果的影响[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版),41(3):28–31. [26] Zeng R,He J L,Gao Y Q,Sun W M,Tu Y P. 2001. Effects of electrode placement on grounding resistance of grounding system measured in vertical three-layer soil[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology) ,41(3):28–31 (in Chinese). [27] 郑兆苾,吴培稚. 1986. 地电阻率法的一个重要干扰因素:线间漏电[J]. 地震,(3):26–30. [28] Zheng Z B,Wu P Z. 1986. An important interference factor of geo-electric resistivity method: Leakage between lines[J]. Earthquake,(3):26–30 (in Chinese). [29] 中国地震局. 2009. DB/T 33.1—2009 地震地电观测方法 地电阻率观测 第1部分: 单极距观测[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社: 3. [30] China Earthquake Administration. 2009. DB/T 33.1−2009 The Method of Earthquake-Related Geoelectrical Monitoring: Geoelectrical Resistivity Observation: Part 1: Single Separation Configuration[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China: 3 (in Chinese). [31] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 2000. GB/T 17949.1—2000 接地系统的土壤电阻率、接地阻抗和地面电位测量导则第1部分: 常规测量[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社: 20–24. [32] General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. 2000. GB/T 17949.1−2000 Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance and Earth Surface Potentials of a Ground System: Part 1: Normal Measurements[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China: 20–24 (in Chinese). [33] IEEE Power and Energy Society. 2012. IEEE Std. 81−2012 Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Grounding System[S]. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.: 22 [34] Lu J,Xie T,Li M,Wang Y L,Ren Y X,Gao S D,Wang L W,Zhao J L. 2016. Monitoring shallow resistivity changes prior to the 12 May 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on the Longmen Shan tectonic zone,China[J]. Tectonophysics,675:244–257. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.03.006 -