Comparative study on two kinds of electrode grounding resistance measurement methods in geo-resistivity observation
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摘要: 利用传统三极接地电阻率测量方法对井下电极接地电阻进行测量会存在较大的测量误差，表明该方法已不适用于井下电极接地电阻测量。针对此问题，提出了利用台站现有地电阻率仪器进行电极接地电阻测量的新方法—直接测量法，并使用传统三极法和直接测量法对北京平谷地震台井下观测供电电极接地电阻进行了测量。测量结果表明：与传统三极法对比，直接测量法的测量结果更为准确、可靠，而且节省人力、物力和时间。Abstract: When using the traditional three-pole method to measure the underground electrode grounding resistance, there will be a large measurement error, which suggests that the method will not be suitable for the underground electrode grounding resistance measurement. In view of this problem, this paper proposes a new method for measuring the electrode grounding resistance by using the geo-electric resistivity observation system, which is so called direct measurement method. And then, the grounding resistances of the underground observation power supply electrodes of Pinggu seismic station in Beijing were measured by using the traditional three-pole method and the direct measurement method. The measurement results show that, compared with the traditional three-pole method, the direct measurement method can get more reliable measurement results with less error, and can save human and material resources and measuring time.
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图 1 半球形电极接地电阻示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of grounding resistance of a hemispherical electrode
图 2 直线三极法测量接地电阻示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of measuring grounding resistance by linear three-electrode method
图 3 测量误差系数c随电位极P位置的变化曲线
Figure 3. Variation of error coefficient e with position of the electrode P changing
图 4 测量井下电极接地电阻示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of measuring grounding resistance of an underground electrode
图 5 电极接地电阻相对误差随井下电极埋深的变化
Figure 5. Variation of relative error of electrode grounding resistance with depth of electrodes
图 6 利用直接测量法测量井下电极接地电阻
（a） 测量方法示意图；（b） 等效电路图
Figure 6. Measuring grounding resistance of underground electrodes with direct measurement method
（a） Schematic diagram of measurement method；（b） Equivalent circuit diagram
图 7 平谷地震台地电阻率井下布极示意图
Figure 7. Schematic diagram for distribution of underground borehole electrodes at Pinggu seismic station
图 8 三极法测量A电极接地电阻示意图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram for measuring grounding resistance of the electrode A by the three-pole method
表 1 不同土壤电阻率ρs、不同电极埋深h和不同电极尺寸条件下的接地电阻测量误差e和相对误差δ
Table 1. Measurement error e and relative error δ of grounding resistance with different soil resistivity ρs，electrode buried depth h and electrode size
电极半径r0
/mh＝100 m h＝200 m ρs＝100 Ω•m ρs＝200 Ω•m ρs＝100 Ω•m ρs＝200 Ω•m e/Ω δ e/Ω δ e/Ω δ e/Ω δ 0.2 0.492 1.24% 0.984 1.24% 0.638 1.60% 1.276 1.60% 0.5 0.491 3.08% 0.982 3.08% 0.638 4.01% 1.276 4.01% 1.0 0.492 6.17% 0.984 6.17% 0.638 8.02% 1.277 8.02% 
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表 2 利用不同方法测量得到的井下供电极A和B的接地电阻
Table 2. Grounding resistance of the underground power supply electrodes A and B by different methods
测量次数 被测电极A的接地电阻/Ω 被测电极B的接地电阻/Ω 直接测量法 直线三极法 直接测量法 直线三极法 第一次 59.36 54.7 54.46 51.0 第二次 59.40 54.8 54.39 50.8 第三次 59.43 54.8 54.35 50.9 第四次 59.37 55.4 54.38 51.0 第五次 59.44 54.7 54.41 50.9 均值 59.40 54.9 54.40 50.9 均方差 0.03 0.28 0.04 0.08 实测差值 −4.52 −3.48 实测相对误差 −7.62% −6.39%
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