Discussion on source parameters of the M6¾ Lingshan, Guangxi, earthquake occurred in 1936
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摘要: 1936年广西灵山M6¾ 地震是华南沿海地震带内陆地区有地震记载以来发生的最大地震，由于当时仪器记录缺乏、时代相隔较长且未进行详细的现场调查，对该地震的基本参数尚存争议。本文在概述该地震地表破裂带基本特征的基础上，利用地震地表破裂带长度和最大同震位移等数据重新讨论了该地震的基本参数和发震构造。研究结果表明1936年灵山M6¾ 地震的宏观震中位于灵山断裂北段与友僚—蕉根坪断裂交会处一带，震级为M6.8左右，震中烈度达Ⅸ度强，罗阳山西北麓的灵山断裂为该地震的发震构造。
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关键词:
- 1936年灵山M6¾ 地震 /
- 地震地表破裂带 /
- 地震参数 /
- 灵山断裂
Abstract: The M6¾ Lingshan earthquake occurred on the north section of Fangcheng-Lingshan fault on April 1, 1936, and it was also the largest earthquake occurred on the continental part of South China seismic belt ever since the historical earthquake records began. The source parameters of this earthquake still remain controversial for the lack of modern seismographic record and detailed field investigation on the surface rupture zone. Furthermore, the long-time interval and human activities between earthquake and the later field investigation also cause uncertainty on the inferred source parameters. In recent years, there are some reports about determination of source parameters such as epicenter, magnitude, intensity and seismogenic structure through investigation of earthquake surface rupture zone caused by historical earthquake without modern seismographic records. Most of these researches were carried out in arid area in western China where the climate is suitable for the reservation of earthquake traces, although it is difficult to identify earthquake traces such as earthquake surface rupture zone caused by historical earthquake in the South China moderate-strong seismic tectonic zone due to the specific seismic structure, humid weather and human activities. On the other hand, it is uncertain to some extent to estimate source parameters of historical moderate-strong earthquake without modern seismographic records in South China, because such source parameters were often indirectly calculated from intensity zoning map acquired by investigation of damaged buildings or surface ruptures in the quake-hit area. To reduce this uncertainty, in this paper we introduce the newly discovered earthquake surface rupture zone caused by the M6¾ Lingshan earthquake. Our newly investigation shows that earthquake surface rupture zone marked by earthquake fissures, earthquake scarp, earthquake fault, earthquake-induced landslide and gully displacement developed along the north section of Lingshan fault at the northwest foothill of Luoyang mountain with total length about 12.5 km. The surface rupture zone strikes from NE to ENE, its west branch stretches from Gaotang to Liumeng and the east branch stretches from Jiaogenping to Hekou. The co-seismic motion along this earthquake surface rupture zone is normal dextral slip. Furthermore, by utilization of parameters of the newly discovered earthquake surface rupture zone, we discuss the source parameters of this earthquake. Our research result shows that: ① The magnitude of the Lingshan earthquake occurred on 1 April 1936 is about M6.8; ② The intensity in the meizoseismal area reaches Ⅸ degree plus; ③ The macro-epicenter is located near the intersection of northern segment of Lingshan fault with Youliao-Jiaogenping fault; ④ The Lingshan fault located at the northwest foothill of Luoyang mountain is the seismogenic fault of the Lingshan earthquake, meanwhile Youliao-Jiaogenping fault, Sizhou fault and other NW-NNW-trending small faults located at the south foothill of Luoyang mountain are the earthquake-controlling faults of the Lingshan earthquake. The main shock caused triggered motion along these small NW-NNW-trending faults, resulting in local intensity augmentation along these small faults accordingly. -
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图 1 1936年灵山M6¾地震震区的地震构造图
左下角为区域构造简图。F1-2：灵山断裂；F2：蕉根坪—友僚断裂；F3：石塘断裂；F4：六银—寨圩断裂；F5：寨圩—浦北断裂；F6：佛子圩断裂；F7：泗州断裂
Figure 1. Local seismic structure of the M6¾ Lingshan earthquake in 1936
The inset in the bottom-left corner shows the regional geological structure. F1-2：Lingshan fault；F2：Jiaogenping-Youliao fault；F3：Shitang fault；F4：Liuyin-Zhaixu fault；F5：Zhaixu-Pubei fault；F6：Fozi fault；F7：Sizhou fault
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图 2 高垌南东断层槽地和老陡坎（a）以及校椅麓南东的地震陡坎、地震裂缝和同震运动方向（b）
Figure 2. Fault trough and old fault scarp in southeastern Gaodong （a） as well as earthquake scarp，fissures，old fault scarp and co-seismic motion direction in southeastern Xiaoyilu （b）
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图 3 1936年灵山M6¾地震等烈度线图（a，b）以及极震区等烈度线与地震构造叠合图（c）
图（a）引自国家地震局全国地震烈度区划编图组（1979），图（b）引自陈恩民和黄咏茵(1984)；图（c）中断裂编号与图1相同，极震区烈度图分别引自李伟琦（1992）和任镇寰等（1996）
Figure 3. Isoseismal contours of the 1936 Lingshan M6¾ earthquake （a，b） and its superposition with seismic structure （c）
Fig. （a） is from Mapping Group of Seismic Intensity Zoning in China，State Seismological Bureau （1979），Fig. （b） is from Chen and Huang （1984）. In Fig. （c），the isoseismal contours are from Li （1992） and Ren et al （1996），and fault number is the same as Fig. 1
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图 4 蕉根坪—友僚断裂野外照片及构造剖面图
Figure 4. Outcrop and structural section of Jiaogenping−Youliao fault
表 1 根据多种经验关系式推算的1936年灵山地震震级
Table 1 Magnitude of 1936 Lingshan earthquake estimated according to severval empirical relationships between earthquake parameters and magnitude of historical earthquakes
计算方法 公式 地震地表破裂
长度L/km最大同震地表
位移D/m震中烈度
Ie推算震级
M邓起东等（1992） M＝6.25＋0.8lgL 12.5 7.1 Wells和Coppersmith （1994） M＝5.16＋1.12lgL 12.5 6.4 陈达生（1984） M＝6.636 2＋0.565 1lgL 12.5 7.3 Wells和Coppersmith （1994） M＝6.81＋0.78lgD 2.9 7.2 李善邦（1960） M＝0.58Ie＋1.5 9.5 7.0 刘昌森（1989） M＝0.67Ie＋0.66 9.5 7.0 许卫晓等（2016） M＝0.549Ie＋1.859 9.5 7.1 
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