Abnormal signals of geoelectric field related to Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake recorded at the Chengdu station
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摘要: 2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0地震前，位于震源区内的成都台2008年4月10—17日观测到非常强烈的地电场短临异常信号连续不断出现，25天后汶川大地震发生。本文基于地电场多极距原理和2007—2017年10年尺度的地电场观测资料回顾性地检查论证了可能与汶川地震有关的地电场异常前兆。研究结果显示，在与地震有关的强烈电信号中，4月10日23:00至4月11日3:40期间出现的强烈异常信号与4月11日4:00至4月16日12:00出现的40次脉冲信号并非源于同一地点，与4月17日2:00—3:00和22:00—23:00期间的异常信号也不是同源信号。这4个时段出现的大幅异常来自于不同位置的4个区域，暗示着地下的4个应力释放区。最后从机理上对该地电场异常信号进行了可能的解释，认为不同的应力积累区域可能是这些地电场异常信号的源区。由于成都台位于汶川特大地震的震源区内，故此次与地震有关的地电场异常信号可以作为汶川特大地震的孕震物理过程研究的重要参考指标。Abstract: The short-term earthquake prediction must be based on reliable precursors, and identifying them from abundant anomalies is the primary problem of earthquake prediction in the world. Before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake the very strong abnormal signals of the geoelectric field were observed at Chengdu station, which is located in the range of the focal zone. The signals lasted from April 10 to 17, 2008 and twenty five days later the Wenchuan earthquake occurred. This paper demonstrates the geoelectric field precursors related to the shock based on the theorem of the multi-dipole geoelectric field observation and the retrospective check of decade scale data from 2007 to 2017. The study results show that the strong geoelectric anomalies recorded during the four periods, i.e. , from 23:00 on April 10 to 3:40 on April 11, from 4:00 on April 11 to 12:00 on April 16, 2:00−3:00 and 22:00−23:00 on April 17, originated respectively from four different sources, in which the second set of signals consists of forty pulses, which means that there were four stress concentration and release regions in the focal zone. The reasonable mechanism explanation to the abnormal signals is also given in the paper in which different stress concentration regions are considered as the sources of them. Because Chengdu station is located in the focal zone of the Wenchuan earthquake, the anomalies could be taken as one of the important reference indices for researches on the preparation processes of an earthquake.
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图 1 汶川MS8.0大震震中和成都地电台的位置（a）以及成都台测区地电场观测电极布设示意图（b）
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of locations of the epicenter of Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake and Chengdu geoelectric field station （a） as well as layout of the multi-separation observation system at Chengdu station （b）
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图 2 2008年4月10—17日汶川地震前成都台观测到的地电场异常信号
ENS L ，ENS S 和EEW L ，EEW S 及ENE L ，ENE S 分别表示NS，EW，NE方向长极距和短极距测道观测到的电场分量
Figure 2. Strong abnormal signals of the geoelectric field recorded at Chengdu station from April 10 to 17，2008 before Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake
ENS L ，ENS S and EEW L ，EEW S as well as ENE L ，ENE S represent the geoelectric field components observed on the long and short dipoles in NS，EW，NE directions，respectively
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图 3
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（a） 4月10日23:00至11日4:00，振荡型；（b） 4月11日4:00至16日12:00，脉冲型；（c） 4月17日2:00—3:00，振荡型；（d） 4月17日21:00—23:10，振荡型
Figure 3. Abnormal signal forms of ENS S component of the geoelectric field recorded at Chengdu station from April 10 to 17，2008
（a） Oscillating-type abnormal signal from 23:00 on 10 April to 4:00 on April 11； （b） Pulse-type abnormal signal from 4:00 on 11 April to 12:00 on 16 April； （c） Oscillating-type abnormal signal from 2:00 to 3:00 on 17 April； （d） Oscillating abnormal signal from 21:00 to 23:10 on 17 April
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图 4 成都台地电场4月11—16日单位时间脉冲数曲线图
Figure 4. Curve of number of pulses per unit time of geoelectric field recorded at Chengdu station from April 11 to 16
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图 5 成都地电场台4月11—16日脉冲信号时间间隔变化曲线
Figure 5. The time interval variation curve of the pulses of geoelectric field recorded at Chengdu station from April 11 to 16，2008
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图 6 成都台地电场极化图
（a） 2008年4月7—8日正常时的非线性极化；（b） 2008年4月10—17日震前异常信号的线性极化
Figure 6. Geoelectric field polarization of Chengdu station
（a） Normal nonlinear polarization during the period from April 7 to 8，2008; （b） Linear polarization of the seismic electric signals during the period from April 10 to 17，2008
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图 7 成都台2008年4月10—17日地电场异常信号4个时段的λNS和λEW柱状图
Figure 7. λNS and λEW histogram of the abnormal signals of geoelectric field recorded at Chengdu station for four intervals from April 10 to 17，2008
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图 8 汶川MS8.0地震前孕震区应力积累区域推想示意图
Figure 8. Conjection schematic diagram of the stress accumulation regions in the seismogenic zone before the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake
表 1 2008年4月10—17日成都台地电场异常最大幅值
Table 1 Maximum amplitude of the geoelectric field anomaly at Chengdu station during April 10 to 17，2008
月-日 时:分 ENS L
/（mV·km−1）ENS S
/（mV·km−1）EEW L
/（mV·km−1）EEW S
/（mV·km−1）ENE L
/（mV·km−1）ENE S
/（mV·km−1）λNS λEW 04−11 01:30± 196 886 205 904 138 626 4.52 4.41 04:05 264 416 252 472 176 348 1.57 1.86 12:03 338 448 310 500 212 388 1.33 1.61 13:04 292 440 340 442 230 338 1.51 1.30 19:03 328 458 306 490 210 388 1.40 1.60 20:04 302 436 342 442 226 342 1.44 1.30 04−12 05:03 308 480 300 542 210 374 1.56 1.81 08:03 302 486 300 562 228 358 1.61 1.87 10:03 338 468 376 458 262 312 1.39 1.22 11:04 304 552 320 530 244 330 1.82 1.64 18:04 338 434 328 492 216 352 1.30 1.50 20:02 366 448 376 450 232 350 1.22 1.20 04−13 01:04 292 534 334 496 246 322 1.83 1.49 07:03 358 450 382 450 236 348 1.26 1.18 08:04 338 428 318 496 216 372 1.27 1.56 08:50 732 1 024 780 1 028 584 718 1.40 1.32 10:52 328 370 298 402 182 300 1.13 1.35 14:03 338 452 386 448 242 336 1.34 1.16 15:04 292 530 338 492 248 320 1.82 1.46 17:03 298 502 298 552 238 342 1.68 1.85 22:04 292 540 324 510 242 326 1.85 1.57 04−14 05:03 300 536 310 538 244 334 1.79 1.74 10:04 372 436 328 502 216 374 1.17 1.53 12:03 376 442 262 462 224 348 1.18 1.76 13:04 356 450 316 502 212 384 1.26 1.59 15:03 296 538 326 510 242 324 1.82 1.56 16:23 576 676 508 754 346 528 1.17 1.48 16:37 252 380 266 410 180 274 1.51 1.54 20:04 354 454 314 504 212 386 1.28 1.61 22:03 378 432 336 488 216 352 1.14 1.45 04−15 00:03 98 142 100 190 69 146 1.45 1.90 04:03 300 508 298 548 238 342 1.69 1.84 05:04 296 528 342 484 266 318 1.78 1.42 11:03 300 544 324 530 244 332 1.81 1.64 16:04 306 518 344 476 270 314 1.69 1.38 18:03 384 440 348 488 222 354 1.15 1.40 23:05 336 468 308 502 210 390 1.39 1.40 04−16 00:08 147 250 170 234 138 158 1.70 1.38 02:09 312 486 304 560 228 366 1.56 1.84 07:10 298 540 316 534 242 348 1.81 1.69 09:06 350 498 382 512 234 390 1.42 1.30 04−17 02:26 78 322 49 138 38 212 4.13 2.82 22:17 152 554 154 458 60 195 3.65 2.97 
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表 2 2008年4月10—17日成都台地电场异常脉冲型信号特征
Table 2 Characteristic of the geoelectric field anomaly at Chengdu station from April 10 to 17，2008
年-月-日 脉冲次数 持时/min 2008−04−11 5 8—12 2008−04−12 6 10—13 2008−04−13 9 10—13 2008−04−14 9 2—13 2008−04−15 7 10—11 2008−04−16 4 10—12
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