Seismic noise characteristics of broad-band seismic networks in Chinese mainland
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摘要: 利用中国地震台网880个宽频带地震台站2014年1月至2015年12月的垂直分量连续波形记录，通过计算每个台站的噪声功率谱密度和概率密度函数，对中国大陆地区的台基噪声水平进行了初步分析。结果表明：中国大陆的噪声水平在不同频带呈现不同的分区特性，其中高频带（0.1—1 s）噪声水平在西部和北部较低，而在中东部地区较高，京津冀和东南沿海地区最高；城市噪声水平高于人口稀少地区，表明高频带噪声与交通、工业等人文活动强度具有较高的相关性；在盆地及其边缘地区，高频带噪声水平高于周边山区，可能与沉积层的放大效应有关；微震噪声（1—20 s）主要来自于中国东部海岸线的海洋活动作用，其强度由东南沿海向内陆地区逐渐变弱。基于噪声的分区特征，利用概率密度函数的第5和第95百分位数获取了31个地震台网的高低噪声基线，相比全球新高低噪声模型，该基线能够对台站观测状态进行更有效的判别。Abstract: Using the vertical continuous waveform recordings of 880 broadband seismic stations in China Seismic Network from January 2014 to December 2015, we calculated power spectral densities （PSDs） and probability density functions （PDFs） over the entire period for each station, and then investigated the characteristics of seismic noise in Chinese mainland. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of noise levels is characterized by obvious zoning for different period bands in Chinese mainland. The high-frequency （0.1−1 s） noise level is lower in the western and northern regions, while higher in the central and eastern regions, especially in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and southeast coastal areas. Densely populated areas have higher noise level than sparsely populated ones, suggesting that high-frequency noise level is related to the intensity distribution of human activities such as transportation, industry. Meanwhile, the high-frequency noise level near the basin is higher than the mountainous areas, which is probably caused by the amplification effect of the sedimentary layer. The microseism energy （1−20 s） mainly results from the coastline of eastern China, and its intensity gradually decreases from the southeastern coastal lines to the inland regions. Based on the zoning characteristics, the 5th and 95th percentiles of PDFs were used to obtain the high and low noise baselines for each network. Compared with the global new high and low noise models, they are much more effective to identify abnormal signals during seismic observations.
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图 1 中国大陆地区宽频带固定台站分布图
Figure 1. Distribution of permanent broad-band stations in Chinese mainland
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图 2 基于甘肃高台台站垂直分量的34 626条功率谱密度（PSD） 统计得到的概率密度函数
Figure 2. Probability density function constructed by using 34 626 PSDs of vertical components recorded at the station GS.GTA
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图 4 基于甘肃高台台站34 626条PSD曲线的PDF中值统计所得的噪声水平日变化
Figure 4. Diurnal variations of PDF median values for the station GS.GTA constructed using 34 626 PSDs
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图 5 甘肃高台台站 （a） 和福建宁德漳湾台站 （b） 2014年噪声水平的季节性变化图
Figure 5. Seasonal variations of noise level for the stations GS.GTA （a） and FJ.NDZW （b） in 2014
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图 6 0.1—1 s （a），2—10 s （b），10—20 s （c）和20—50 s （d）频带的噪声中值分布
Figure 6. Distribution of noise median value for the period bands 0.1−1 s （a）， 2−10 s （b），10−20 s （c） and 20−50 s （d）
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图 7 次级微震短周期段2—6 s （a）和长周期段6—10 s （b）的噪声中值分布
Figure 7. Distribution of noise median value for the secondary microseism in short period 2−6 s （a） and long period 6−10 s （b）
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图 10 安徽台网的异常噪声功率谱密度及其对应的时间序列
（a） 噪声功率谱密度（PSD）曲线；（b） 无异常干扰时；（c） 阶跃标定；（d） ML3.0地震；（e） 出现零点漂移时；（f） 存在长周期干扰时
Figure 10. Examples of abnormal PSDs and their time series for the Anhui network
（a） Noise power spectral density；（b） Quiet data；（c） Calibration pulse；（d） ML3.0 earthquake；（e） Zero drifts；（f） Long-period interference
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