辽宁省地震监测站地下水化学类型及成因分析

孙凤霞; 崔月菊; 王海燕; 李静; 杜建国

doi:10.11939/jass.20190091

辽宁省地震监测站地下水化学类型及成因分析

孙凤霞^{1, 2, 3},
崔月菊^{1, 2},
王海燕⁴,
李静⁵,
杜建国^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国北京 100036 中国地震局地震预测研究所
2.
中国北京 100036 中国地震局地震预测重点实验室
3.
中国北京 100083 中国地质大学（北京）地球科学与资源学院
4.
中国沈阳 110000 辽宁省地震局
5.
中国河北三河 065201 防灾科技学院

基金项目: 中国地震局地震预测研究所基本科研业务专项（2018IEF010204）和中国地震局地震预测重点实验室自主课题（2017KLEP03）共同资助

详细信息

通讯作者:
杜建国: e-mail：jianguodu@hotmail.com

中图分类号: P641.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-16
- 修回日期: 2019-11-25
- 网络出版日期: 2020-03-25
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-31

Hydrochemical types and origins analysis of groundwater at the seismic monitoring stations in Liaoning Province

Sun Fengxia^{1, 2, 3},
Cui Yueju^{1, 2},
Wang Haiyan⁴,
Li Jing⁵,
Du Jianguo^{1, 2, ,}

1.
Institute of Earthquake Forecasting，China Earthquake Administration，Beijing 100036，China
2.
Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction，China Earthquake Administration，Beijing 100036，China
3.
School of the Earth Science and Resources，China University of Geosciences （Beijing），Beijing 100083，China
4.
Liaoning Earthquake Agency，Shenyang 110000，China
5.
Institute of Disaster Prevention，Sanhe，Hebei 065201，China

摘要

摘要:
通过测试辽宁省15个地震监测站泉水或井水的氢、氧同位素组成及主要离子组分含量，讨论了泉水或井水的化学类型及其成因。测得泉水或井水的δD和δ¹⁸O值范围分别为−82.5‰—−54.4‰和−11.4‰—−7.3‰，表明所测泉水和井水的主要来源为大气降水。研究区低温泉水为低矿化度的Ca-SO₄·HCO₃型或Ca-HCO₃·SO₄型；而较高温度的花岗岩裂隙水中溶解了较多的钠硅酸盐矿物，水化学类型主要为Na-HCO₃·SO₄型；碳酸盐岩及含砾砂岩含水层分别分布于辽宁省西部及中部地区，水温略低于高温花岗岩裂隙水，水化学类型为Na·Ca-HCO₃型。水中F⁻含量较高，且F⁻含量与温度、pH值、Na^＋和${{\rm HCO}_3^{-} }$的浓度呈正相关，表明泉水或井水的化学类型是深部富CO₂流体及大气降水与花岗岩反应的结果。
- 地下水 /
- 温泉 /
- 水化学类型 /
- 同位素 /
- 因子分析
Abstract:
The hydrochemical types and origins of underground waters collected from 15 seismic monitoring stations in Liaoning Province are discussed based on the isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen as well as ion concentrations. δD and δ¹⁸O values of underground water ranged from −82.5‰ to −54.4‰ and from −11.4 ‰ to −7.3‰, respectively, which indicates that the waters had a meteoric origin. Granite is widely distributed in the studied area. The cold spring waters were the type of Ca-SO₄·HCO₃ and Ca-HCO₃·SO₄, while the hot spring waters from fractured granite were mainly type of Na-HCO₃·SO₄ due to the dissolution of silicate minerals. The water samples with moderate temperature in the western and middle parts of Liaoning Province were the type of Na·Ca-HCO₃, resulting from dissolution of silicate minerals and carbonate. The concentration of F⁻ is positively correlated with temperature, pH, concentrations of Na^＋ and HCO₃ ⁻, indicating reaction between the granite and the fluids enriched in CO₂ .
- groundwater /
- hot spring /
- hydrochemical types /
- isotope /
- factor analysis

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图 1 辽宁省地震流体监测采样点分布图

Figure 1. Distribution of the sampling points for seismic fluid monitoring in Liaoning Province

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图 2 辽宁地震监测站点地下水的氢、氧同位素组成图解

Figure 2. Plot of δD versus δ¹⁸O for ground waters from seismic monitoring station in Liaoning Province

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图 3 辽宁地区水样Piper图

Figure 3. Piper diagram of water samples in Liaoning Province

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表 1 辽宁省地震监测台站地下水样品物理化学参数

Table 1 Physical and chemical parameters of the groundwater samples from the seismic observatories in Liaoning Province

编号	采样位置	采样水类型	东经 /°	北纬 /°	水温 /℃	pH值	离子浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）													δD	δ¹⁸O	水化学类型
编号	采样位置	采样水类型	东经 /°	北纬 /°	水温 /℃	pH值	Li⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	F⁻	Cl⁻	Br⁻	SO₄²⁻	NO₃⁻	CO₃²⁻	TDS	HCO₃⁻	δD	δ¹⁸O	水化学类型
1	五佰町	井	119.38	41.37	/	8.69	0.96	579.75	3.20	1.18	5.96	27.71	333.27	3.68	303.76	1.02	33.90	668.62	1 628.68	−85.37‰	−11.4‰	Na-HCO₃·Cl
2	喀什	泉	119.39	41.39	48.0	8.83	0.50	403.41	5.48	2.41	11.52	15.99	150.80	0.29	301.92	1.58	−	448.05	1 117.93	−85.97‰	−11.3‰	Na-HCO₃·SO₄
3	药王庙	泉	120.15	40.80	34.9	8.04	0.34	92.36	14.06	16.66	44.30	5.88	43.33	0.12	37.10	−	−	334.31	421.31	−82.49‰	−11.3‰	Na·Ca-HCO₃
4	沈家台	井	120.87	41.41	28.1	8.19	0.34	72.09	10.43	20.06	48.55	4.63	18.33	−	42.08	−	−	372.77	402.89	−70.56‰	−9.84‰	Na·Ca-HCO₃
5	阜新	井	121.60	42.05	17.2	7.86	0.03	62.63	1.16	25.28	102.38	2.62	61.80	0.11	267.02	1.53	−	179.22	614.17	−67.65‰	−8.88‰	Ca·Na -SO₄·HCO₃
6	哈达呼哨	泉	121.69	42.27	16.4	7.86	−	12.25	1.01	5.93	62.96	0.27	15.15	−	80.81	79.14	−	62.04	288.52	−65.66‰	−8.38‰	Ca-SO₄·HCO₃
7	盘锦	井	122.02	41.18	23.0	7.47	−	78.64	2.51	15.86	50.21	0.21	28.15	0.39	0.18	−	−	372.22	362.26	−69.73‰	−9.26‰	Na·Ca-HCO₃
8	金州	泉	122.03	39.25	16.7	6.88	−	35.78	2.76	50.86	198.27	−	516.64	−	58.69	112.69	−	82.72	1 017.04	−54.39‰	−7.33‰	Ca·Mg-Cl
9	安波	泉	122.31	39.84	68.5	8.61	0.05	122.03	4.11	0.21	5.93	13.47	35.71	−	80.06	−	13.56	137.86	344.05	−61.98‰	−8.77‰	Na-HCO₃·SO₄
10	狄家堡	泉	123.11	40.24	40.1	8.6	0.03	63.84	2.79	0.08	5.26	10.12	10.01	−	38.89	1.43	23.73	31.02	171.69	−63.90‰	−9.02‰	Na-HCO₃·SO₄
11	徐家堡	泉	123.19	40.33	14.5	6.64	−	9.24	2.92	4.69	13.30	0.19	4.93	−	10.09	15.69	−	57.65	89.87	−58.12‰	−8.19‰	Ca·Na-HCO₃
12	凤城	井	124.11	40.51	36.8	8.12	0.14	145.92	5.63	0.54	28.36	7.17	31.71	−	312.71	2.56	−	75.82	572.64	−66.43‰	−9.13‰	Na-SO₄
13	汤池	泉	124.26	40.07	35.2	8.89	−	63.92	1.44	−	4.87	6.66	7.95	−	46.77	0.14	20.34	55.14	179.67	−61.24‰	−9.05‰	Na-HCO₃·SO₄
14	变电	泉	124.33	40.11	16.9	7.68	−	8.37	0.92	3.60	72.88	2.44	8.14	−	142.98	0.74	−	89.61	284.88	−56.81‰	−8.27‰	Ca-SO₄·HCO₃
15	宽甸	井	125.23	40.80	15.4	7.87	−	3.69	0.83	4.56	41.30	0.72	1.11	0.06	58.74	0.41	−	82.72	152.78	−68.16‰	−9.87‰	Ca-HCO₃·SO₄
注：“/”为未测数据，“−”为低出检测线数据。

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表 2 地下水各组分之间的相关系数

Table 2 Correlation coefficient of chemical composition of groundwater

	${{\rm CO}^{2-}_3} $	${{\rm HCO}^{-}_3} $	F⁻	Cl⁻	${{\rm NO}^{-}_3} $	${{\rm SO}^{-2-}_2} $	Li⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	水温	pH	TDS
${{\rm CO}^{2-}_3} $	1.00	−0.38	0.47	−0.20	−0.22	−0.26	−0.24	−0.03	−0.19	−0.45	−0.40	0.52	0.58	−0.37
${{\rm HCO}^{-}_3} $		1.00	0.29	0.02	−0.31	0.13	0.78	0.62	0.60	−0.08	0.17	0.23	0.20	0.45
F⁻			1.00	−0.10	−0.42	0.41	0.58	0.79	0.30	−0.55	−0.45	0.91	0.80	0.30
Cl⁻				1.00	0.74	0.06	0.03	0.13	−0.02	0.79	0.80	−0.11	−0.35	0.75
${{\rm NO}^{-}_3} $					1.00	−0.16	−0.28	−0.26	−0.23	0.73	0.62	−0.37	−0.49	0.36
${{\rm SO}^{-2-}_2} $						1.00	0.36	0.61	−0.05	0.02	−0.13	0.19	0.30	0.58
Li⁺							1.00	0.77	0.77	−0.23	−0.03	0.40	0.42	0.52
Na⁺								1.00	0.31	−0.31	−0.20	0.61	0.53	0.67
K⁺									1.00	−0.14	0.13	0.33	0.18	0.19
Ca²⁺										1.00	0.91	−0.54	−0.58	0.50
Mg²⁺											1.00	−0.41	−0.54	0.53
水温												1.00	0.73	0.15
pH													1.00	0.03
TDS														1.00

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表 3 旋转因子载荷矩阵

Table 3 Matrix of rotated factor loadings

	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄
Cl⁻	0.97	0.01	0.02	0.13
Mg^2＋	0.86	−0.35	0.19	-0.12
Ca^2＋	0.84	−0.45	−0.10	0.03
NO₃^-	0.81	−0.20	−0.27	−0.09
TDS	0.67	0.11	0.35	0.64
水温	−0.14	0.88	0.25	0.11
F⁻	−0.17	0.86	0.27	0.36
CO₃²⁻	−0.16	0.80	−0.37	−0.36
pH	−0.36	0.78	0.14	0.21
HCO₃⁻	−0.02	−0.01	0.89	0.21
K^＋	−0.01	0.12	0.89	−0.18
Li^＋	−0.04	0.24	0.86	0.35
SO₄²⁻	−0.03	0.07	0.01	0.95
Na^＋	0.00	0.48	0.48	0.68
贡献率	26.44	24.66	22.06	16.57
累计贡献率	26.44	51.09	73.15	89.72
*注：加粗数字表示各公因子所包含的主成分载荷值。

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辽宁省地震监测站地下水化学类型及成因分析

通讯作者: 杜建国: e-mail：jianguodu@hotmail.com

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Hydrochemical types and origins analysis of groundwater at the seismic monitoring stations in Liaoning Province

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通讯作者:
杜建国: e-mail：jianguodu@hotmail.com