Relocation of earthquakes in Tangshan area in the recent decade
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摘要: 分别运用双差定位法、结合波形互相关的双差定位法和结合波形互相关的双差层析成像法，对唐山地区2010年1月至2020年7月河北地震台网记录的4 874个地震事件进行重定位。结果表明：结合波形互相关的双差层析成像法的定位精度高于其它两种方法，地震走时均方根残差由初始的0.71降至0.27；重定位后的震中分布更加集中，线性分布更明显，优势分布方向为NE向，与该区域断层走向基本一致；重定位后震源深度主要集中在5—15 km，分布形态更接近于正态分布，结果更加合理。从重定位后的震中空间分布可见在唐山—古冶断裂东侧有一个NNE向的高倾角小震密集带，近年来小震活动频繁，分析认为该区域的局部应力较高，构造活动较强，推测在唐山—古冶断裂东端点可能存在隐伏断层，该区域地震的发生与其深部活动有关。Abstract: We relocated 4 874 earthquakes totally which were recorded by Hebei seismic network in Tangshan area during the period between January of 2010 and July of 2020 by using the double-difference relocation method, the double-difference relocation method combined with waveform cross-correlation, and the double-difference tomography method combined with the waveform cross-correlation, respectively. The comparison of the location results by the three relocation methods suggests that the double-difference tomography method combined with the waveform cross-correlation could produce much higher resolution hypocentral parameters than those from the other two methods. As a result, the root-mean-square （RMS） of traveltime residuals were greatly reduced from 0.71 s to 0.27 s. In map view the relocated earthquakes are more concentrated on obvious strips around the faults, and the dominant distribution direction is NE, which is basically consistent with the fault strike in this area. The result is more reasonable in depth distribution with focal depth mainly concentrated in 5−15 km, and the distribution pattern appears as a nearly normal distribution. From the spatial distribution of the epicenters after relocation, it can be seen that there is a small earthquake dense zone with steep dip angle in NNE direction on the east of the Tangshan-Guye fault, indicating that the stress level is high and the tectonic activity is strong in this local area. Therefore it is speculated that there may be a hidden fault at the eastern end of the Tangshan-Guye fault, and the occurrence of earthquake in this region is related to its deep activities.
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图 4 定位后震源深度（上）和定位误差（下）的统计直方图
（a） 仅使用震相报告数据所获的双差定位结果；（b） 结合波形互相关数据和震相报告数据所获的双差定位结果；（c） 结合波形互相关数据和震相报告数据所获的双差层析成像结果
Figure 4. Histogram of focal depth （upper panels） and positioning error （lower panels） after relocation
（a） Double-difference relocation results only using catalog data；（b） Double-difference relocation results combining the waveform cross-correlation data and catalog data；（c） Double-difference seismic tomography results combining waveform cross-correlation data and catalog data
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图 1 研究区断层展布及历史地震分布图
Figure 1. Distribution of faults and historical earthquakes in this study
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图 2 研究区内台站和地震分布及震源深度沿经纬度方向的分布
Figure 2. Distribution of seismic stations，earth-quakes and focal depths along latitude and longitude profile in this study
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图 3 重定位前、后唐山地区2010—2020年地震的震中分布图
（a） 初始地震事件震中分布； （b） 仅使用震相报告数据所获的双差定位结果（第一组）；（c） 结合波形互相关数据和震相报告数据所获的双差定位结果（第二组）；（d） 结合波形互相关数据和震相报告数据所获的双差层析成像结果 （第三组）
Figure 3. Distribution of earthquake hypocenters in Tangshan area from 2010 to 2020 before and after relocation
（a） Initial epicentral distribution；（b） Double-difference relocation results only using catalog data （Group 1）；（c） Double-difference relocation results combining the waveform cross-correlation data and catalog data （Group 2）；（d） Double-difference seismic tomography results combining waveform cross-correlation data and catalog data （Group 3）
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图 5 研究区重定位后震中分布图（a）及地震震源沿剖面CC′ （b），DD′ （c），EE′ （d），BB′ （e）和AA′ （f）的分布
Figure 5. Distribution of earthquake hypocenters after relocation （a） and cross-section of earthquakes along the profiles CC′ （b），DD′ （c），EE′ （d），BB′ （e） and AA′ （f） of focal depth in this study
表 1 本文所用一维速度模型（引自于湘伟等，2003）
Table 1 One-dimensional velocity model used in this study （after Yu et al，2003）
上界面深度/km P波速度/（km·s−1） 0 5.20 5 5.80 10 6.00 15 6.10 20 6.60 25 6.70 30 6.90 
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