Geochemical characteristics of soil gases on the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault in Beijing and their indications for seismic activity
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摘要: 通过对2017年5月土壤气CO2，Rn和Hg的野外流动测量以及2020年9月1日至2021年6月30日期间土壤气监测站Rn的连续监测，利用残差法和地震指数KS方法对黄庄—高丽营断裂南北段的活动差异和区域地震活动进行了分析。结果表明，与首都圈地区其它断裂相比，黄庄—高丽营断裂是首都圈地区活动性相对较强的活动断裂，断裂北段的土壤气体浓度和通量较南段更高，且北段上盘的CO2和Rn浓度明显高于下盘，指示断裂北段具有更强的活动性。对土壤气连续监测站数据进行分析，结果显示监测站的Rn浓度与气温、土壤温度和气压之间无明显相关性。2021年3月25日北京顺义ML3.0地震前6天，监测站记录到Rn浓度出现异常升高，增加了一倍，且震后异常持续了一个月。顺义ML3.0地震前后Rn浓度的异常变化表明监测站的土壤气Rn浓度对KS＞0.1的地震有很好的响应。Abstract: Based on the field flow observation of soil gas （CO2, Rn and Hg） in May of 2017 and continuous monitoring of soil gas Rn from September 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, the residual signal and seismic index KS are used to study the activity difference between the south and north segments of Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault and their regional seismicity. The results indicate that this fault is a relatively active fault compared with other faults in the capital circle region of China. The concentrations and fluxes of the soil gases in the north segment of the fault are higher than those in the south segment. And the CO2 and Rn concentrations in the hanging wall of the northern segment are significantly higher than those in the footwall. These indicate that the northern segment of the fault has stronger activity. Analyses on the continuous monitoring station data of soil gas Rn show there is no significant correlation between Rn concentration and air temperature, soil temperature, and air pressure. The Rn concentration at the monitoring station, six days prior to the Shunyi ML3.0 earthquake on March 25, 2021, was recorded to significantly increase, which doubled and persisted for a month after the earthquake. The anomalous variations of Rn concentration before and after the Shunyi ML3.0 earthquake indicate that the soil gas Rn concentration at the monitoring station exhibits a strong response to earthquakes with KS＞0.1.
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Keywords:
- soil gas /
- geochemistry /
- seismicity monitoring /
- Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault
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图 1 研究区地质图（改自马丽芳，2002）及地震分布图
F1：黄庄—高丽营断裂；F2：南口—孙河断裂；F3：顺义—良乡断裂。黑色圆圈代表公元438年12月24日至2020年5月26日的地震事件，蓝色圆圈代表2020年9月1日至2021年6月30日的地震事件（国家地震科学数字中心，2021a，b)；地裂缝位置引自刘明坤等（2014）、张磊等（2017a，b）和赵帅等（2018）；断裂数据引自邓起东等（2002）
Figure 1. Schematic geological map （modified from Ma，2002） and earthquakes in this study
F1：Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault；F2：Nankou-Sunhe fault；F3：Shunyi-Liangxiang fault. Black circles stand for the earthquakes from December 24，AD 438 to May 26，2020，and blue circles for those from September 1，2020 to June 30，2021 （National Earthquake Data Center，2021a，b）. The locations of ground fissures are cited from Liu et al （2014），Zhang et al （2017a，b） and Zhao et al （2018）. Fault data are cited from Deng et al （2003）
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图 2 土壤气测点布设 （a）、浓度测量方法 （b） 及通量测量方法 （c） 示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagrams for layout of measuring sites of soil gas （a） and measurement methods of soil gas concentration （b） and flux （c）
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图 3 土壤气Rn连续监测站的示意图（a）和实际施工图（b）以及探头安装图（c）
Figure 3. Schematic diagram （a） and actual construction drawing （b） of continuous monitoring station of soil gas Rn and probe installation （c）
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图 4 首都圈地区主要活动断裂带土壤气体CO2和Rn的浓度（a）和通量（b）的平均值对比图
首都圈其它剖面数据引自王喜龙等（2017）；断裂数据引自邓起东等（2002）；DEM数据来自Bigemap软件
Figure 4. Comparison of the mean values of the soil gas （CO2 and Rn） concentrations （a） and fluxes （b） in the fault zones in the capital area
The data of other profiles in the capital circle region of China are cited from Wang et al （2017）。 Fault data are taken from Deng et al （2003），and DEM data are from Bigemap software
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图 5 黄庄—高丽营断裂土壤气体CO2，Rn和Hg浓度及通量相关性
Figure 5. The correlativity among concentrations and fluxes of the soil gases CO2，Rn and Hg on Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault
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图 6 DHC剖面（a）和XWL剖面（b）土壤气体CO2，Rn和Hg浓度分布图
Figure 6. Distribution of concentrations of soil gases CO2，Rn and Hg on the DHC profile （a） and XWL profile （b）
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图 7 土壤气连续监测站的Rn浓度小时值、日均值变化和研究区内的地震事件（a）以及土壤温度、气温（b）、气压（c）和日降雨量（d）
Figure 7. Hourly variation and daily mean variation of Rn concentration at continuous monitoring stations of soil gas and earthquake events in the study area （a），as well as soil temperature，atmospheric temperature （b），atmospheric pressure （c） and daily rainfall （d）
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图 8 土壤气连续监测站地震事件和地震周频次（a）、Rn浓度残差变化（b）以及XWL站（c）和DHC站（d）的KS值变化
Figure 8. Earthquake events and their weekly frequency （a），variations of residual of Rn concentrations at continuous monitoring stations of soil gases （b），and KS variation at the stations XWL （c） and DHC （d）
表 1 黄庄—高丽营断裂土壤气体浓度
Table 1 The concentration of soil gases in the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault
点位 CO2浓度 Rn浓度/（kBq·m−3） Hg浓度/（ng·m−3） 点位 CO2浓度 Rn浓度/（kBq·m−3） Hg浓度/（ng·m−3） DHC-1 0.71% 14.99 4 XWL-1 2.01% 26.21 5 DHC-2 0.68% 13.85 2 XWL-2 2.14% 20.77 4 DHC-3 0.42% 9.22 2 XWL-3 1.19% 17.88 5 DHC-4 1.19% 33.68 5 XWL-4 1.24% 19.69 4 DHC-5 0.64% 19.29 5 XWL-5 2.15% 28.37 4 DHC-6 1.63% 23.66 3 XWL-6 1.91% 33.07 5 DHC-7 0.55% 6.45 6 XWL-7 2.84% 22.86 3 DHC-8 0.81% 6.25 3 XWL-8 1.16% 23.32 3 DHC-9 0.94% 7.26 2 XWL-9 1.58% 29.92 8 DHC-10 0.42% 3.28 0 XWL-10 1.32% 20.84 1 DHC-11 0.71% 4.28 2 XWL-11 1.78% 27.36 5 DHC-12 0.83% 10.49 1 XWL-12 1.74% 28.57 4 DHC-13 0.17% 4.91 2 XWL-13 2.79% 22.99 2 DHC-14 0.50% 6.03 3 XWL-14 2.47% 31.12 4 DHC-15 0.54% 5.51 3 平均值 1.88% 25.21 4 DHC-16 0.32% 2.76 3 平均值 0.69% 10.74 3 
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表 2 黄庄—高丽营断裂土壤气体通量
Table 2 The flux of soil gases in the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault
点位 CO2通量
/（g·m−2·d−1）Rn通量
/（mBq·m−2·s−1）Hg通量
/（ng·m−2·h−1）点位 CO2通量
/（g·m−2·d−1）Rn通量
/（mBq·m−2·s−1）Hg通量
/（ng·m−2·h−1）DHC-1 26.03 24.25 28.89 XWL-1 48.56 54.01 0 DHC-2 25.29 16.46 0 XWL-2 29.95 45.32 15.81 DHC-3 13.05 0 0 XWL-3 17.55 50.20 0.27 DHC-4 0 1.01 0 XWL-4 24.59 107.90 0 平均值 16.09 10.43 7.22 平均值 30.16 64.36 4.02
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表 3 DHC和XWL剖面土壤样品中的TC，Hg，U和Ra的含量
Table 3 The content of TC，Hg，U and Ra in the soil samples from the DHC and XWL profiles
剖面 TC含量 Hg含量
/（ng·g−1）U含量
/ （Bq·kg−1）Ra含量
/ （Bq·kg−1）DHC 2.2% 91.0 25.2 20.0 XWL 0.4% 53.2 24.0 25.6 注：样品由核工业北京地质研究院分析测试中心进行检测
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