Focal mechanism solutions and stress field characteristics of small and moderate earthquakes in Weiyuan area， southern Sichuan basin
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摘要:
基于四川省威远地区密集流动台站从2019年12月1日至2020年6月30日期间收集到的42个ML3.0—4.5中小地震事件，采用Hypo2000定位法进行精定位，并利用HASH （Hardebeck & Shearer）法反演得到其中31次地震的震源机制解，之后利用阻尼区域应力反演方法计算了研究区的应力场参数。结果表明：中小地震主要分布在威远背斜南翼SSE向墨林场断层的两侧，震源深度集中在10 km以内，均为浅源地震；震源机制解类型以逆冲型为主，断层错动类型较为复杂，根据震源机制解结果，推测墨林场断层两侧存在一系列盲冲断层及正断型断层，同时研究区浅层地层中还可能存在其它小的隐伏断层或破裂；区域应力场为逆冲兼走滑型，其最大主应力轴σ1方位为103°，倾角为1°，最小主应力轴σ3方位为192°，倾角为51°，与震源机制解主要类型具有较好的一致性。
Abstract:Based on the 42 small and moderate events of ML3.0−4.5 recorded by the dense portable stations in Weiyuan area of southern Sichuan basin during the period from December 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020, we used Hypo2000 relocation method to precisely relocate the events. Then we performed the focal mechanism inversion for 31 events among them by HASH （Hardebeck & Shearer） method. And then we used damping spatial and temporal stress inversion method to carry out the inversion for the stress field parameters of the study area. The results indicate that the small and moderate earthquakes are mainly distributed on the SSE-striking Molin fault on the southern flank of the Weiyuan anticline with focal depths concentrating within 10 km, which suggests they are shallow earthquakes. The main type of focal mechanism solutions is thrust, and the type of fault-slip is relatively complex. According to the results of focal mechanism solutions, it is inferred that there are a series of blind thrust faults and normal faults on both sides of the Molin fault. Meanwhile, there may be other small hidden faults or fractures in the shallow strata of the study area. The azimuth of the maximum principal stress σ1 is 103° and the dip is 1°, and the azimuth of the minimum principal stress σ3 is 192° and the dip is 51° in the area. The type of the stress field is thrusting with strike slip, which is consistent with the main type of focal mechanism solutions in the area.
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1 陈运泰，顾浩鼎。2011。震源理论基础。北京：中国地震局地球物理研究所，北京大学地球与空间科学学院，中国科学院研究生院：38. -
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图 1 威远地区2009年至2020年6月ML≥2.0地震事件M-t图及地震频次图
Figure 1. M-t plot and ML≥2.0 earthquake frequency chart （red polyline） in Weiyuan region from 2009 to June 2020
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图 3 地震重定位结果 （a）和沿剖面AB （b），CD （c）和EF （d）的震源深度分布
断层F1−F5数据引自高杰（2017），页岩气井数据引自雷兴林等（2020），下同
Figure 3. Relocation results of earthquakes （a） and distribution of focal depths along the sections AB （b），CD （c） and EF （d）
The faults F1−F5 data is taken from Gao （2017），and shale gas well data is taken from Lei et al （2020），the same below
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图 4 威远地区M-t图（a）和震中随时间的分布图（b）
Figure 4. M-t plot （a） and distribution of epicenters over time （b） in Weiyuan area
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图 6 2019年12月30日ML3.6地震的极性分布图
Figure 6. Polarity distribution of the ML3.6 earthquake on December 30，2019
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图 7 震源节面参数（a）、P轴方位、T轴方位和倾角（b）的归一频数图
Figure 7. Normalized frequency chart of nodal plane parameters of source （a），azimuth and dip of P，T axes （b）
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图 8 研究区区域应力反演结果球面投影图
Figure 8. Spherical projection of regional stress inversion results in the study area
表 1 威远地区的精细速度模型（Lei et al，2017）
Table 1 Fine velocity model in Weiyuan area （Lei et al，2017）
层号 顶层深度/km vP/（km·s−1） vS/（km·s−1） 1 0 5.36 3.12 2 4.1 5.71 3.32 3 7.0 5.81 3.38 4 10.1 5.96 3.46 5 14.0 6.06 3.52 6 16.0 6.23 3.62 7 18.0 6.40 3.72 8 27.0 6.45 3.75 
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表 2 威远、荣县地区的精细速度模型（易桂喜等，2020）
Table 2 Fine velocity model in Weiyuan and Rongxian areas （Yi et al，2020）
层号 顶层深度/km vP/（km·s−1） vS /（km·s−1） 1 0 5.15 2.98 2 6.0 5.64 3.26 3 8.0 5.72 3.31 4 10.0 5.96 3.45 5 16.0 6.13 3.54 6 18.0 6.22 3.59 7 20.0 6.44 3.72 8 25.0 6.59 3.81 9 28.0 6.71 3.88
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表 3 威远地区31个地震震源机制解
Table 3 Focal mechanism solutions of 31 earthquakes in Weiyuan area
序
号事件时间 北纬
/°东经
/°深度
/km节面Ⅰ 节面Ⅱ P轴/° T轴/° B轴/° ML 来源 年-月-日 时:分 走向
/°倾角
/°滑动
角/°走向
/°倾角
/°滑动
角/°方
位倾
角方
位倾
角方
位倾
角1 2019-12-03 12:35 29.48 104.51 6.91 104 69 99 260 23 69 277 23 299 65 11 8 3.2 本文 2 2019-12-12 06:30 29.48 104.52 5.61 39 34 −44 167 67 −116 242 71 5 11 278 15 3.4 本文 3 2019-12-13 18:23 29.50 104.57 0.94 132 59 −20 233 73 −145 6 35 270 9 167 54 3.6 本文 2019-12-13 18:23 29.50 104.54 3.00 141 65 −36 248 58 −150 102 42 196 4 291 47 3.6 郭祥云等（2 022） 4 2019-12-14 09:50 29.60 104.80 5.08 256 80 −49 357 41 −165 114 40 46 24 337 40 3.2 本文 5 2019-12-14 19:03 29.51 104.54 4.64 21 13 118 172 80 84 356 34 343 56 82 6 3.3 本文 6 2019-12-15 11:39 29.64 104.81 6.66 189 15 127 331 79 81 339 32 139 56 63 9 3.1 本文 7 2019-12-19 13:20 29.50 104.53 4.32 17 50 84 205 39 98 19 6 160 82 109 5 3.0 本文 8 2019-12-20 08:52 29.49 104.54 4.35 9 74 −95 208 17 −72 181 61 14 29 281 5 3.7 本文 9 2019-12-21 15:35 29.50 104.53 5.10 21 52 −105 226 39 −70 152 75 32 8 300 12 3.7 本文 10 2019-12-26 16:20 29.45 104.56 2.74 61 9 −41 192 85 −97 4 50 198 39 102 7 3.0 本文 11 2019-12-30 09:24 29.52 104.53 5.00 4 25 97 175 66 86 179 20 350 70 268 3 3.6 本文 2019-12-30 09:24 29.51 104.54 5.00 354 46 99 161 45 81 78 1 342 84 168 6 3.6 郭祥云等（2 022） 2019-12-30 09:24 29.51 104.54 5.00 41 35 91 220 55 89 310 10 127 80 220 1 3.6 易桂喜等（2 020） 12 2020-01-01 02:48 29.49 104.52 8.82 284 10 −150 163 85 −82 354 49 156 39 74 9 3.9 本文 13 2020-01-02 16:26 29.47 104.54 5.30 319 34 −164 215 81 −57 68 44 190 29 120 33 3.2 本文 14 2020-01-09 21:18 29.47 104.53 5.34 42 37 90 222 52 90 222 8 42 82 132 0 3.0 本文 15 2020-01-15 13:00 29.48 104.55 5.02 18 47 109 172 45 70 185 0 273 76 275 14 3.0 本文 16 2020-01-18 08:12 29.47 104.54 2.07 14 37 105 176 56 79 5 8 318 78 94 9 3.2 本文 17 2020-01-24 11:35 29.64 104.80 2.61 136 89 167 227 77 1 272 8 0 10 42 77 3.0 本文 18 2020-02-16 04:28 29.47 104.46 9.56 350 28 90 170 62 90 350 17 350 73 80 0 4.4 本文 19 2020-02-16 21:33 29.41 104.60 5.07 108 51 60 330 48 121 309 2 223 67 38 23 3.2 本文 20 2020-02-25 16:18 29.48 104.54 4.06 15 30 0 285 89 119 258 38 132 38 15 30 3.6 本文 2020-02-25 16:18 29.48 104.54 3.00 354 57 −8 88 83 −147 316 28 217 18 98 56 3.6 郭祥云等（2 022） 21 2020-03-04 12:26 29.49 104.54 3.61 129 46 101 294 45 79 301 0 28 82 31 8 3.0 本文 22 2020-04-05 18:49 29.61 104.57 5.05 341 76 −165 248 77 −19 114 20 204 0 113 70 3.0 本文 23 2020-04-08 18:49 29.42 104.48 4.52 354 12 −95 178 79 −89 0 57 178 33 89 1 3.3 本文 24 2020-04-10 12:23 29.41 104.48 5.07 49 17 0 319 89 107 303 43 155 43 49 17 3.0 本文 25 2020-04-12 11:06 29.42 104.48 4.71 36 16 −72 197 74 −95 10 60 201 30 109 5 3.5 本文 26 2020-04-19 09:05 29.42 104.47 4.55 150 79 −132 48 44 −18 291 41 1 22 250 41 3.2 本文 27 2020-05-27 02:56 29.45 104.58 3.39 42 13 −131 264 80 −81 94 54 256 35 172 8 3.2 本文 28 2020-06-11 07:47 29.47 104.53 4.30 326 41 −108 170 51 −75 45 77 159 5 70 12 3.6 本文 29 2020-06-22 13:08 29.38 104.48 2.68 141 33 45 11 70 114 173 19 47 60 271 23 3.5 本文 2020-06-22 13:08 29.38 104.48 7.00 113 57 40 358 57 140 56 0 326 50 146 40 3.5 郭祥云等（2 022） 30 2020-06-27 00:13 29.47 104.53 3.38 106 14 32 344 83 102 334 37 178 51 73 12 3.5 本文 31 2020-06-30 02:32 29.40 104.50 2.93 40 26 54 259 70 106 247 23 104 62 343 15 3.1 本文
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表 4 HASH法震源机制解质量分布标准（郭祥云等，2017）
Table 4 Quality distribution criteria of focal mechanism solutions for HASH （Guo et al，2017）
质量
分类平均
误差断层面不
确定度台站
分布比最佳机制
解概率A ≤0.15 ≤10° ≥0.7 ≥0.9 B ≤0.20 ≤20° ≥0.6 ≥0.85 C ≤0.30 ≤30° ≥0.5 ≥0.80 D 相邻台站最大方位角间隔≤90°，离源角≤60°
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表 5 震源机制解分类标准（Zoback，1992）
Table 5 Classification criteria of focal mechanism solution （Zoback，1992）
地震类型 P轴倾角 B轴倾角 T轴倾角 正断型 ≥52° ≤35° 正走滑型 40°≤倾角＜52° ≤20° 走滑型 ＜40° ≥45° ≤20° ≤20° ≥45° ＜40° 逆走滑型 ≤20° 40°≤倾角＜52° 逆断型 ≤35° ≥52° 无法确定型 上述类型之外的震源机制解
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表 6 研究区区域应力场反演结果
Table 6 Inversion result of regional stress field in the study area
σ1轴 σ2轴 σ3轴 R值 方位/° 倾角/° 方位/° 倾角/° 方位/° 倾角/° 最优解 103 1 11 39 192 51 0.35 95%置信区间 89—112 0—14 353—360，0—36 26—47 180—208 43—65 0.12—0.50
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