Ambient noise and data quality analysis of strong motion stations in Inner Mongolia region
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摘要:
计算了内蒙古地区193个强震动台站2022年连续观测数据的加速度功率谱密度，通过绘制不同时空、不同加速度计、不同频段的功率谱密度和功率谱概率密度函数图及背景噪声速度均方根值分布图，评估了该区强震动台站的背景噪声变化特征，对出现的功率谱密度异常进行了具体分析，并针对强震动台站数据异常检测及处理提出了相应的建议。研究结果显示：不同加速度计、不同时空强震动台站的背景噪声功率谱密度昼夜差异主要体现在1 Hz以上频段，且不同区域的昼夜差异变化较大；QA-2g型、JS-A2型和TDA-33M型三种加速度计在2 s频点的背景噪声功率谱密度随区域和三分向变化较小；从强震动台站2 s频点背景噪声的监控能得到可靠的观测数据异常，数据异常主要由加速度计零点漂移大、加速度计故障、脉冲干扰、系统参数有误造成，建议优化站点观测环境，进一步规范仪器安装、调试及JOPENS系统的参数配置和审核。
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关键词:
- 强震动台站 /
- 功率谱密度（PSD）值 /
- 速度均方根 /
- 数据质量 /
- 加速度计
Abstract:Along with the construction of the project of National Earthquake Intensity Rapid Reporting and Early Warning, Inner Mongolia has established 193 strong motion stations and a data center. This paper calculated the acceleration power spectral density （PSD） of countinous waveform records of the 193 stations in 2022 by using the power spectral probability density function （PDF）. By drawing the distribution maps of PSD, power spectral PDF and RMS value of ambient noise in different frequency bands in different time-space with different-type accelerometers, the variation characteristics of ambient noise at the strong motion stations in our studied region is evaluated, and then the PSD anomalies are analyzed. Accordingly, the constructive suggestions are put forward for the anomaly detection and strong ground motion data processing. The results show that the diurnal difference in PSD of ambient noise at different stations with different seismometers mainly appears in the frequency band above 1 Hz, and the diurnal PSD difference in different regions differs largely. The ambient noise values in the data recorded by seismometers QA-2g, JS-A2 and TDA-33M at frequency 2 s show little change with space and direction, so we can get reliable anomalies from the observation data by monitoring the ambient noise at frequency 2 s. The change of ambient noise with high frequency band at strong ground stations mainly comes from the change in environmental noise, but the influence of instrument self-noise cannot be completely ignored. Anomalous strong ground data is mainly resulted from large zero point shift of accelerometers, accelerometer failure, pulse interference and incorrect system parameters. Therefore it is recommended to optimize the observation environment of the stations, further standardize the instrument installation and debugging, and to configure and review the JOPENS system parameter.
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图 1 内蒙古地区强震动台站分布图
Figure 1. Distribution of strong ground stations in Inner Mongolia region
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图 2 白天（实线）和夜间（虚线）加速度功率谱密度（PSD）平均值分布图
（a） GE001站点，TDA-33M加速度计与TDE-324CI数采组合；（b） GT001站点，TDA-33M加速度计与TDE-324CI数采组合；（c） DE001站点，JS-A2加速度计与TDE-324CI数采组合；（d） DY001站点，JS-A2加速度计与TDE-324CI数采组合；（e） JE001站点，QA-2g加速度计与TDE-324CI数采仪组合；（f） JW001站点，QA-2g加速度计与TDE-324CI数采仪组合
Figure 2. Distribution of average acceleration PSDs in day （dashed lines） and at night （solid lines）
（a） GE001 station，where TDA-33M accelerometer and TDE-324CI seismic data logger are used；（b） GT001 station，where TDA-33M accelerometer and TDE-324CI seismic data logger are used；（c） DE001 station，where JS-A2 accelerometer and TDE-324CI seismic data logger are used；（d） DY001 station，where JS-A2 accelerometer and TDE-324CI seismic data logger are used；（e） JE001 station，where QA-2g accelerometer and TDE-324CI seismic data logger are used；（f） JW001 station，where QA-2g accelerometer and TDE-324CI seismic data logger are used
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图 3 不同站点、不同频点、不同加速度计下的三分向加速度功率谱密度值分布图
Figure 3. Distribution of three-component acceleration PSD for different stations with different accelerometers at different frequency
（a） f =50 s；（b） f =10 s；（c） f =2 s；（d） f =1 Hz；（e） f =10 Hz
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图 4 193个强震动台站的背景噪声加速度功率谱密度（PSD）在2 s频点处的空间分布
Figure 4. Spatial distribution of acceleration PSDs of ambient noise at 193 strong ground motion stations at frequency 2 s
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图 5 不同类型加速度计的功率谱密度（PSD）的异常特征
（a，d，g，j） TDA-33M型加速度计；（b，e，h，k） JS-A2型加速度计；（c，f，i，l） QA-2g型加速度计；
Figure 5. Abnormal characteristics of PSDs by different types of accelerometers
（a，d，g，j） TDA-33M accelerometer；（b，e，h，k） JS-A2 accelerometer；（c，f，i，l） QA-2g accelerometer
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图 6 强震动台站1—20 Hz频段背景噪声RMS平均值
Figure 6. Average RMS value of ambient noise of strong ground motion stations in the frequency band of 1−20 Hz
表 1 内蒙古地区强震动台站的仪器基本信息
Table 1 Parameters of instruments deployed at the strong ground motion stations in Inner Mongolia region
数采型号 加速度仪
型号数采量程
/V数采转换因子
/（μV·counts−1）加速度仪灵敏度
/(V·s2·m−1)系统灵敏度
/(counts·s2·m−1)强震动台站
数量HG-D3/6 QA-2g 20 2.384 0.255 107 006.00 39 EDAS-24GN JS-A2 10 0.074 5 0.255 3 422 818.00 39 TDE-324CI/FI TDA-33M 20 0.745 1 1.02 1 368 943.00 59 TDE-324CI QA-2g 20 0.745 1 0.255 342 372.00 5 TDE-324CI JS-A2 10 0.372 5 0.255 684 564.00 19 HG-D3/6 JS-A2 10 1.192 0.255 213 926.00 28 EDAS-24GN6 QA-2g 20 0.149 0.255 1 712 094.234 2 EDAS-24GN6 TDA-33M 20 0.149 1.02 6 848 376.935 2 
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期刊类型引用(1)
1. 陈宝魁，王博为，王东升. 海底强震观测记录与地震动特性研究进展. 世界地震工程. 2023(01): 200-208 . 
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