辉长岩的破裂研究
STUDIES ON FRACTURE OF GABBRO
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摘要: 在济南辉长岩的三轴压缩实验(3=1.3kb)中, 通过显微镜观测了岩石内部微裂纹的发展.实验结果说明, 在低应力状态下, 微裂纹主要出现在岩石矿物结晶颗粒内部, 其方向主要取决于矿物颗粒的结晶学形态.当应力达到岩石强度80%左右时, 在样品中部某一对角线附近, 微裂纹密度较高, 出现一些穿过几个矿物颗粒的微断层.微断层的取向与外力应力场有明显的关系, 一般与1成40左右的夹角.本实验还同时测量了样品弹性波的速度(Vp, Vs)和体积变化.实验表明, 岩石内部微裂纹的发展以及微裂纹对岩石物理性质所产生的影响, 是与晶体颗粒的尺度有关.Abstract: Triaxial compression with 3=1.3kb is applied to samples of Jinan gabbro and the development of microcracks is studied with a microscope. It is found that under low stresses, the microcracks occur within the crystal grains of the rock minerals and their orientation is determined principally by the configuration of the crystals. When the applied stress reaches about 80% of the ultimate strength, the cracks become more concentrated in the central part near one diagonal of the sample. At this time, there appear a few microfalts, which cut through several crystal grains. The orientation of these microfaults depends obviously on the direction of the external stress, which makes an angle less than 40 with the direction of maximum stress1. The volume changes as wellaas VP and Vs in the rock samples are also measured. It is found that the development of the microcracks in rock samples and their influence on physical propertied of the rock are dependent on the dimensions of the crystal grains.
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[1] J. D. Byerlee&D. Lockner, Acoustic emission during fluid injection in rock, Proc. 1st conf. On acoustic emission (microseismic activity in geological structure and material), 1977.
[2] W. F. Brace, B. V'. Jr Pauldiug & C. H. Scliolz, Dilataucy in the fracture of crysalliue rock, J. Geophys, Res., 71, 3939——3953, 1966,
[3] B. T. Brady, Theory of earthquakes, Part 1. A scale independent. theory of rock failure, PAGEOPH, 112, 699——725 1974.
[4] M. Frieudman Fracture in rocks, Rev. Geophys. Space Pleysics., 13, 353——358, 1975.
[5] F. Rummel & C.Fairhurst, Determination of the post——failure behaviour of brittle rock using a servo——vontrolled testing machine, Rock Mech, 2, 189——204, 1970.
[6] F. Runnnel, H. J. Aiheid, & C. Fruhn, Dilatancy and fracture induced velucity changes in rock and their relation to friction sliding, PAGEOPH, 116, 743——764, 1978.
[7] D. K. Hallbauer, H. Wabner. & N. G. W., Cook, Microxopic and mechanical behaviouroof quartzite specimen in stiff triaYial conxpression test, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min Sci 10, 713——726, 1973.
[8] H. Koide & K. Hosliino, Development of microfracture in experimentally deformed rocks, (preliminary report), Eartlrquake, 20, 85——97, 1970.
[9] V. I. Mjachkin, W. F. Brace, G. A. Sobolev, & J. H. Dieterich, Two models for earthquake forerunners, PAGEOPH, 113, 169——181, 1975.
[10] W. A. Olsson, Microfracturing and faulting in limestone, Tectonophysics, 24, 277——285. 1974.
[11] S. Peng & A. M. Johnson, Crack growth and faulting in cylindrical specimen of Chelmsford granite, In, t. J. Rock Mec7t.. illin Sci 9, 37——86, 1972.
[12] C. H. Scholz, Experimental study of the fray turfing process in brittle rock, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 1447——1454, 1968
[13] Eve. S. Sprunt & W. F. Brace, Direct observation of naicrocavities in crystalline rocks, Int. J. Rock lllecle. hlin. Sei., 11, 139——150, 1974.[1] J. D. Byerlee&D. Lockner, Acoustic emission during fluid injection in rock, Proc. 1st conf. On acoustic emission (microseismic activity in geological structure and material), 1977.
[2] W. F. Brace, B. V'. Jr Pauldiug & C. H. Scliolz, Dilataucy in the fracture of crysalliue rock, J. Geophys, Res., 71, 3939——3953, 1966,
[3] B. T. Brady, Theory of earthquakes, Part 1. A scale independent. theory of rock failure, PAGEOPH, 112, 699——725 1974.
[4] M. Frieudman Fracture in rocks, Rev. Geophys. Space Pleysics., 13, 353——358, 1975.
[5] F. Rummel & C.Fairhurst, Determination of the post——failure behaviour of brittle rock using a servo——vontrolled testing machine, Rock Mech, 2, 189——204, 1970.
[6] F. Runnnel, H. J. Aiheid, & C. Fruhn, Dilatancy and fracture induced velucity changes in rock and their relation to friction sliding, PAGEOPH, 116, 743——764, 1978.
[7] D. K. Hallbauer, H. Wabner. & N. G. W., Cook, Microxopic and mechanical behaviouroof quartzite specimen in stiff triaYial conxpression test, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min Sci 10, 713——726, 1973.
[8] H. Koide & K. Hosliino, Development of microfracture in experimentally deformed rocks, (preliminary report), Eartlrquake, 20, 85——97, 1970.
[9] V. I. Mjachkin, W. F. Brace, G. A. Sobolev, & J. H. Dieterich, Two models for earthquake forerunners, PAGEOPH, 113, 169——181, 1975.
[10] W. A. Olsson, Microfracturing and faulting in limestone, Tectonophysics, 24, 277——285. 1974.
[11] S. Peng & A. M. Johnson, Crack growth and faulting in cylindrical specimen of Chelmsford granite, In, t. J. Rock Mec7t.. illin Sci 9, 37——86, 1972.
[12] C. H. Scholz, Experimental study of the fray turfing process in brittle rock, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 1447——1454, 1968
[13] Eve. S. Sprunt & W. F. Brace, Direct observation of naicrocavities in crystalline rocks, Int. J. Rock lllecle. hlin. Sei., 11, 139——150, 1974. -
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