岩石和断层泥摩擦特性的现场大尺度试件实验研究
TESTING WITH LARGE SCALE SAMPLES IN THE FIELD ON THE FRICTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ROCK AND GOUGE
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摘要: 为了研究岩石与断层泥的摩擦特性,在远安断裂带附近的灰岩体中开挖试洞、制作试体,进行大尺度试件的现场实验研究.实验用直剪法进行.试体的尺度为506030cm3.试体与岩体间的摩擦面积为3000cm2.摩擦面分为天然断层面、软弱夹层面和节理裂隙面三种.测得的摩擦系数平均值是:（1）天然断层面————0.48;（2）软弱夹层面————0.41;（3）节理裂隙面————0.84.与室内小试件实验结果进行对比,发现现场断层泥的摩擦系数与室内实验结果相近.现场岩石的摩擦系数与室内粗糙岩石的实验结果相近.由于摩擦面积的增大,摩擦面上各点介质屈服的时间有明显的差别.部分摩擦面上介质的较早屈服可作为预报整体失稳的前兆.Abstract: In order to study the frictional characteristics of rock and gouge,test tunnels were excavated,the test samples were made and testing with large scale samples in field were conducted in the limestone body near Yuanan Fault. The direct shear method was used in the experiments. The size of test samples was 506030 cm3. The area of frictional surface between test samples and rock body was 3000 cm2. There were three kinds of frictional surface: natural fault surface,soft intercalation surface,and joint fissure surface. The average of frictional coefficient measured are: (1) Natural fault surface -0.48; (2) Soft intercalation surface -0.41; (3) Joint fissure surface - 0.84. Comparing with test resuets with small scale samples in the laboratory,it is discovered that the frictional coefficient of gouge in the field is near that in the laboratory,and that the frictional coefficient of rock in the field is near that of rough rock in laboratory. Owing to the large area of frictional surface,the time of yield at different points on the frictional surface were distinctly different. Earlier yield on part of the frictional surface can be looked upon as precursor for prediction of the overall in-s.ability.
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[1] Brace, W. F., 1981. T he effect of size on mechanical properties of rocks. Geophys Res, Lett. 8, 651——652.
[2] Handin, J., and Logan, J. M., 1981. Experimental tectonophysics. Geophys.Res. Lett., 8,647——650.
[3] Dieterich, J. H., 1981. Potential for geophysical experiments in large scale tests. Geophye. Res. Lett., 8. 653——656.
[4] Стаховский, И.Р., 1983. Деφермационный предвестннки разрушения крупномасштаδныхоδразпов горных пород.фцзцкц Земпц,10,90——94.
[5] Cook, N. G. W., and Heard, H.C., and Heard, H. C., 1981. National Science Foundation——University of Califo——rnia at Berkely, Workshop on large scale laboratory testing in geomechanics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 8,645——646.
[6] 日本土木学会岩雄力学委具会,1975,土木技术者のための岩盘力学,94——97.日本土木学会.
[7] 许东俊、耿乃光,中等主应力对岩石破坏后承载能力的影响.地球物理学报(待发表).
[8] 耿乃光、刘晓红,1987.四种岩石的摩擦滑动特征.岩土工程学报,9.3,27——32.
[9] 耿乃光、刘晓红、郝晋异、李纪汉、方亚如、蔡戴恩、明亮,沂沐断裂带断层泥的摩擦滑动特征.地球物理学报(待发表).
[10] Byerlee, J., 1978. Friction of rocks. Pure Appl. Geophys., 116. 615——619
[11] 茂木清夫,1981.地震予知よ岩石力学.材料,30,105——118.[1] Brace, W. F., 1981. T he effect of size on mechanical properties of rocks. Geophys Res, Lett. 8, 651——652.
[2] Handin, J., and Logan, J. M., 1981. Experimental tectonophysics. Geophys.Res. Lett., 8,647——650.
[3] Dieterich, J. H., 1981. Potential for geophysical experiments in large scale tests. Geophye. Res. Lett., 8. 653——656.
[4] Стаховский, И.Р., 1983. Деφермационный предвестннки разрушения крупномасштаδныхоδразпов горных пород.фцзцкц Земпц,10,90——94.
[5] Cook, N. G. W., and Heard, H.C., and Heard, H. C., 1981. National Science Foundation——University of Califo——rnia at Berkely, Workshop on large scale laboratory testing in geomechanics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 8,645——646.
[6] 日本土木学会岩雄力学委具会,1975,土木技术者のための岩盘力学,94——97.日本土木学会.
[7] 许东俊、耿乃光,中等主应力对岩石破坏后承载能力的影响.地球物理学报(待发表).
[8] 耿乃光、刘晓红,1987.四种岩石的摩擦滑动特征.岩土工程学报,9.3,27——32.
[9] 耿乃光、刘晓红、郝晋异、李纪汉、方亚如、蔡戴恩、明亮,沂沐断裂带断层泥的摩擦滑动特征.地球物理学报(待发表).
[10] Byerlee, J., 1978. Friction of rocks. Pure Appl. Geophys., 116. 615——619
[11] 茂木清夫,1981.地震予知よ岩石力学.材料,30,105——118.
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