Variation characteristic of S-wave splitting on the 2019 Changning MS6.0 earthquake sequence，Sichuan
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摘要: 本文采用质点运动判别与偏振分析相结合的方法对2019年四川长宁MS6.0地震震源区10个台站于2013年4月25日至2019年7月31日记录到的波形数据进行S波分裂参数测定，其中9个台站获取4条以上有效S波分裂参数。结果表明，震源区各台站的S波分裂参数不仅在空间上存在分区特征，还会随时间发生改变。快波偏振方向在空间上的分区特征大体为：位于震源区东南段的三个台站的快波偏振优势方向主要为NE向，与震源区东南段的主压应力方向基本一致；位于研究区西北段的台站，其快波偏振优势方向为近EW向，与震源区西北段的主压应力方向基本一致。但由于受到震源区地壳应力和复杂构造的共同影响，CJW，GXA和LQS三个台站都有两个快波偏振优势方向。快波偏振方向随时间的变化为：主震后各台站的快波偏振方向都出现离散度增大而后又逐渐趋于一致的现象；CJW台的快波偏振方向在主震前三个月发生了改变，体现了孕震过程中随着应力的不断积累，其各向异性特征由主要受构造控制转变为受应力控制。各台站的归一化慢波时间延迟随台站距主震和余震密集区距离的增加而减小，反映了长宁地震孕震过程中余震密集区的应力积累和释放明显强于周边区域。此外，主震发生前6个月左右CNI台的慢波时间延迟出现明显下降，地震发生后又迅速上升，反映出长宁地震震前的应力积累以及震后应力突然释放使上地壳中微裂隙的几何形态发生了改变。
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关键词:
- 2019年长宁MS6.0地震 /
- S波分裂 /
- 快波偏振方向 /
- 慢波时间延迟 /
- 地壳各向异性
Abstract: In this paper, the S-wave splitting parameters of the waveform data recorded at 10 stations in the source area of the 2019 Changning MS6.0 earthquake, Sichuan, from April 25, 2013 to July 31, 2019 were measured by the particle motion discriminant method combined with the polarization analysis method. More than four effective S-wave splitting parameters are obtained at nine stations. The results show that the S-wave splitting parameters at the stations in the studied region are characterized by partition in space and variation over time. The characteristics of fast wave polarization direction in space are as follows: the predominant polarization direction of fast S-wave at three stations in the southeastern source area of the Changning earthquake is in the direction of NE, which is consistent with direction of regional principal compressive stress in the southeastern source area. In the northwestern source area, the predominant polarization directions of fast S-wave, nearly EW, is consistent with the directions of regional principal compressive stress in the northwestern source area. Due to the combining effect of crustal stress and complex fault structure, the three stations CJW, GXA and LQS all have two predominant polarization directions of fast S-wave. The polarization directions of fast S-wave change with time as follows: After the main shock, the polarization directions of fast S-wave at each station gradually tended to be convergence after the dispersion increases; the polarization directions of fast S-waves at the station CJW changed three months before the main shock, indicating that with the accumulation of the stress during the seismogenic process, the anisotropic characteristics at the station CJW are controlled mainly by stress instead of structure. As for the temporal distribution, the average normalized delay time of slow S-wave at each station decreased as the distance increasing from the main shock and aftershock dense area to stations, reflecting the stronger accumulation and releasing of stress during seismogenic process in the aftershock dense area. In addition, the normalized delay time of slow S-wave at the station CNI decreased significantly about six months before the main shock, and increased rapidly after the main shock, suggesting the accumulation of stress before the earthquake and the abrupt release of stress after the earthquake lead to the change in geometry of the micro-cracks in upper crust. -
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图 1 2019长宁MS6.0地震震源区台站及余震震中分布
Figure 1. Distributions of seismic stations and aftershock epicenters in the source region of the Changning MS6.0 earthquake in 2019 and its surrounding regions
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图 3 GXA台站记录的S波分裂分析示例
（a） 三分向原始地震图，两竖线间的波段用于绘制质点偏振图；（b） 经过旋转的质点振动图，S1为快波到时，S2为慢波到时；（c） 两水平分向的波形经旋转至快、慢波方向的地震图，两竖线代表快、慢波到时；图中振幅值已归一化处理
Figure 3. Example of S wave splitting analysis for the records at the stations GXA
（a） Three-component records of original seismic waveforms，and the S-waveform between two vertical short lines is used to plot the particle polarization figure；（b） The rotated particle motion of S-wave，where S1 is the arrival time of fast S-wave，S2 is the arrival time of slow S-wave；（c） Seismograms rotated to the fast and slow S-wave directions，two vertical lines denote the arrival times of fast wave and slow wave. In Figs. （a） and （c） the amplitude value is normalized
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图 4 9个台站快波偏振方向等面积极射投影及等面积投影玫瑰图
短线方向为台站记录的每个地震事件的快波偏振方向
Figure 4. The polar projection and homolographic projection rose diagrams of the fast S-wave polarization directions at nine stations
The directions of short lines are the fast wave polarization directions of earthquakes recorded by the stations
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图 5 研究区各台站快波偏振方向等面积投影玫瑰图分布及地震分布
Figure 5. The distribution of homolographic projection rose diagrams at stations and earthquakes in the study area
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图 6 台站CNI （a）和GXA （b）的快波偏振方向随时间的分布
Figure 6. The temporal distribution of fast S-wave polarization directions at the stations CNI （a） and GXA （b）
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图 6 台站TLO （c），CJW （d）和XCH （e）的快波偏振方向随时间的分布
Figure 6. The temporal distribution of fast S-wave polarization directions at the stations TLO （c），CJW （d） and XCH （e）
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图 7 台站CNI （a）不同时段的分区慢波时间延迟随时间的变化
黑点为归一化的慢波时间延迟结果，红线为7点滑动平均计算结果图
Figure 7. Temporal changes of the normalized delay times in different band at the station CNI （a）
The black dots are the results of time delays at stations，and the red slid lines are the results of seven-point moving average
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图 7 台站GXA （b）及TLO 和XCH （c）在区域 Ⅰ 不同时段的慢波时间延迟随时间的变化
黑点为归一化的慢波时间延迟结果，红线为7点滑动平均计算结果图
Figure 7. Temporal changes of the normalized delay times in band- Ⅰ at the stations GXA （b），TLO and XCH （c）
The black dots are the results of time delays at stations，and the red slid lines are the results of seven-point moving average
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图 7 台站CJW （d）在区域 Ⅰ 不同时段的慢波时间延迟随时间的变化
黑点为归一化的慢波时间延迟结果，红线为7点滑动平均计算结果
Figure 7. Temporal changes of the normalized delay times in band- Ⅰ at the station CJW （d）
The black dots are the results of time delays at stations，and the red slid lines are the results of seven-point moving average
表 1 长宁地区P波一维速度模型（引自易桂喜等，2019）
Table 1 1D P-wave velocity model of Changning area （after Yi et al，2019）
层号 顶层深度/km vP/（km·s−1） 1 0 4.93 2 2 5.29 3 4 5.55 4 10 5.72 5 12 5.8 6 14 5.93 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 各台站S波分裂参数结果
Table 2 The results of the S-wave splitting parameters at each station
序号 台站 观测数据时段 有效记录
条数优势偏振
方向/°快波偏振方向
标准差/°慢波时间延迟平均
/（ms·km−1）慢波时间延迟标准差
/（ms·km−1）1 CJW 2018-12-16—2019-07-31 56 6 13 3.58 1.77 138 125 10 − − 2 CNI 2013-04-25—2019-07-31 253 63 20 10.10 4.46 3 DID 2019-06-18—2019-07-31 4 − − 2.43 1.21 4 FUX 2019-06-18—2019-07-31 37 144 16 2.72 0.81 5 GXA 2013-04-25—2019-07-31 337 90 26 4.98 2.38 109 18 19 − − 6 LQS 2019-01-01—2019-07-31 35 8 14 3.65 1.85 4 114 14 − − 7 SJK 2018-12-31—2019-07-31 6 94.17 19 5.94 3.01 8 TLO 2019-01-01—2019-07-31 224 90 26 4.50 2.35 9 XCH 2019-06-19—2019-07-31 310 104 16 2.33 0.81
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表 3 台站与多次地震之间的距离
Table 3 Distance between stations and several earthquakes
发震时间 MS 地点 台站与地震之间的距离/km 年-月-日 时:分:秒 CNI GXA CJW DID FUX LQS SJK TLO XCH 2015-02-07 05:01:06.9 4.5 四川长宁 8.3 18.7 − − − − − − − 2019-06-17 22:55:46.0 6.0 四川长宁 4.6 14.3 10.2 10.9 34.4 25.3 22.9 15.2 24.6 2019-07-04 10:17:58.6 5.6 四川珙县 16.0 9.2 30.5 18.9 14.5 10.0 2.7 14.4 16.4
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