Abstract: The construction and analysis of thermal infrared background field can effectively improve the recognition of thermal anomaly before an earthquake. This paper comprehensively discusses the research progress of thermal infrared background field，and then uses China’s FY-2E satellite thermal infrared brightness temperature (TBB) data of 2010—2013 to construct the TBB background field of the Capital region and Gansu-Sichuan-Qinghai border region，and the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of TBB background fields for the two regions are analyzed. The results show that，TBB background field is mainly affected by seasonal variation in time and by terrain in space. The results provide research foundation and basis for the judgement and identification of thermal anomaly for earthquakes.