Variation of magnetotelluric apparent resistivity during the major aftershock period of Lushan earthquake in epicentral area
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摘要: 以2013年4月20日芦山MS7.0地震震后5月3—24日距主震震中约7 km处所观测到的大地电磁数据为基础， 分析地下电阻率变化与较大余震(MS>3.0)活动的关系． 为确保用于地震异常分析的观测数据的可靠性， 基于大地电磁方法的特点， 使用稳定估算(robust)技术和相干度因子约束等方法得到各频点一定数量的自功率谱和互功率谱， 再根据视电阻率和相位曲线的分布形态， 剔除引起视电阻率和相位曲线突变的谱值之后得到高质量的视电阻率和相位曲线． 此外， 根据曲线形态和误差分布来判断数据质量， 剔除可能受到干扰影响的数据， 以获得能够真实地反映地下电阻率变化的视电阻率分析结果． 结果显示： 观测期内的yx极化模式的视电阻率值总体呈非单调的增大趋势， 最大增幅达27%; yx极化模式的视电阻率值几乎在每个相对集中的较大余震丛集后均会出现高值， 而较大余震丛集期间对应的则是视电阻率低值． 从物理机制上分析地震的电阻率效应源于微裂隙内孔隙流体的变化， 故推测芦山地震余震期间电阻率的增加趋势是由于震后应变释放区应力恢复和孔隙度恢复所致．Abstract: The present paper analyzes the relationship between the apparent resistivity change and major aftershock activities based on magnetotelluric measurements data from May 3 to 24， 2013． A group of self-power and cross-power spectra are obtained with the robust method and coherence limit based on characteristics of magnetotelluric method. Then the spectra causing apparent resistivity and phase curve unsmooth are removed according to their shape， and the high-quality data are obtained after removing disturbed data． The results show that the apparent resistivity tended to increase gradually with maximum change by 27% during the measurement period but not in a monotonous manner． The yx polarized apparent resistivity ρayx reached its maximum after nearly every main aftershock cluster, but among each clusters the minimum resistivity appeared. Finally the analyses on earthquake generating mechanisms indicate that the earthquake resistivity effect is due to the change in pore fluid in micro fractures， therefore it is speculated that the increase trend of the resistivity during the period of Lushan aftershocks is caused by stress recovery and porosity recovery after the Lushan earthquake.
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致谢: 野外工作得到了四川省地震局、 雅安防震减灾局、 芦山县防震减灾局以及江汉石油管理局地球物理勘探公司的大力支持，作者在此一并表示衷心的感谢．
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图 1 芦山地震区域构造图及余震分布图(主震和余震分布房立华等，2013)
右下角附图为研究区的区域构造位置； 数字为较大余震的发生顺序. F1： 汶川—茂县断裂； F2： 北川 断裂； F3： 彭灌断裂； F4： 五龙断裂(北川断裂南段)； F5： 双石—大川断裂(彭灌断裂南段)
Figure 1. Tectonic settings，location of mainshock and distribution of aftershocks of the 2013 Lushan MS7.0 earthquake(after Fang et al，2013)
The lower-right corner shows the position of the studied area in this paper； numbers represent the order of occurrence of large aftershocks； black triangle denotes magnetotelluric(MT)site； blue star represents Wenchuan main shock； green star represents Lushan main shock； red dots represent M≥5 aftershocks; purple dots represent M＜5 aftershock； orange dots represent M≥3 aftershocks during MT measurement period. F1： Wenchuan-Maoxian fault； F2： Beichuan fault； F3： Pengguan fault； F4： Wulong fault(the south segment of Beichuan fault)； F5： Shuangshi-Dachuan fault(the south segment of Pengguan fault)
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图 2 观测点19天的视电阻率ρa(a)和相位Φ(b)曲线
左、 右图分别为xy极化(NS向电场)和yx极化(EW向电场)模式. 灰线为被剔除的5天数据； 黑线为用于异常分析的数据； 方框为f=0.560—0.094 Hz所对应的数据
Figure 2. The stacked curves of apparent resistivity ρa(a)and phase Φ(b)at the MT site for 19 days
The left and right panels show xy polarization(electric field in NS direction)and yx polarization(electric field in EW direction)mode，respectively. The grey curves represent the discarded data for five days，black curves represent the data used for anomaly analyses，the frame represents the data in the frequency range of 0.560—0.094 Hz
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图 3 0.141(a)，0.187(b)，0.281(c)和0.370 Hz(d)等4个频点的yx极化视电阻率ρayx及其趋势线(e)
Figure 3. yx polarization apparent resistivities ρayx at the four frequencies of 0.141(a)，0.187(b)，0.281(c)and 0.370 Hz(d)and their trend lines(e)
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图 4 对大地电磁测点yx极化的视电阻率ρayx曲线一维反演得到的电阻率随深度h变化的曲线虚线框表示4个频点的大体对应深度
Figure 4. The curve of apparent resisti-vity ρayx variation with depth h by 1D inversion
The depth range in the dashed frame corresponds to the four frequencies used in data analyses
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图 5 芦山地震后视电阻率与地震余震的对应关系
Figure 5. The corresponding relationship between apparent resistivity ρa and aftershocks after Lushan earthquake
表 1 有效的观测时间记录
Table 1 Observation time records of the data used
标记日期 起始时间(UTC) 结束时间(UTC) 时长/d 年-月-日 时：分：秒 年-月-日 时：分：秒 2013-05-04 2013-05-03 09:29:49 2013-05-04 09:07:59 0.98 2013-05-05 2013-05-04 09:22:49 2013-05-05 08:00:00 0.94 2013-05-06 2013-05-05 08:00:00 2013-05-06 08:47:32 1.03 2013-05-07 2013-05-06 09:02:49 2013-05-07 08:00:00 0.96 2013-05-08 2013-05-07 08:00:00 2013-05-08 01:09:24 0.71 2013-05-16 2013-05-15 07:14:49 2013-05-16 08:00:00 1.03 2013-05-17 2013-05-16 08:00:00 2013-05-17 08:00:00 1.00 2013-05-18 2013-05-17 08:00:00 2013-05-18 08:00:00 1.00 2013-05-19 2013-05-18 08:00:00 2013-05-19 08:00:00 1.00 2013-05-20 2013-05-19 08:00:00 2013-05-20 08:00:00 1.00 2013-05-21 2013-05-20 08:00:00 2013-05-21 08:00:00 1.00 2013-05-22 2013-05-21 08:00:00 2013-05-22 08:00:00 1.00 2013-05-23 2013-05-22 08:00:00 2013-05-23 08:00:00 1.00 2013-05-24 2013-05-23 08:00:00 2013-05-24 04:07:31 0.84 
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表 2 变化趋势线两端相对差以及视电阻率观测误差均值
Table 2 Relative differences of apparent resistivity between two ends of trend line as well as the average errors of apparent resistivity observations
f/Hz 两端相对差 误差均值 0.141 21.54% 4.79% 0.187 24.52% 4.93% 0.281 27.03% 3.66% 0.370 21.03% 2.57%
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