Abstract: With strong earthquake observation data improved greatly in quantity and quality in China, strong ground motion records after the destructive earthquake have been converted tentatively into the instrumental intensity. With the help of strong ground motion records and the expression method of rapid evaluation model for earthquake damage and losses， this paper proposed a rapid evaluation method of earthquake casualty， which combines the probability density ofinstrumental intensity with the life loss function. By the probability density of the instrumental intensity， combined with the research results of the building vulnerability in Sichuan region， a rapid evaluation function of seismic life loss and seismic damage related to the earthquake intensity is established. Finally， the Wenchuan earthquake strong ground motion records have been evaluated， and the results by the rapid assessment method in this paper were consistent with the actual seismic damages， which proves the feasibility of the method. Therefore the rapid assessment method can provide reliable information quickly for earthquake emergency rescue.