Quantitative verification on satellite observational data of ionospheric structure parameters using ground-based data
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摘要: 本文采用散点图、趋势线、相关系数及观测偏差等统计方法，利用COSMIC卫星和SPIDR提供的垂测仪观测的F2层峰值电子密度数据，开展了综合统计及按季节、地方时和纬度的分类统计.统计结果显示：地基垂测仪与卫星观测到的相应的F2层峰值电子密度数据具有很高的相关性，两者之间的相关系数高达0.95，相对偏差的平均值为-3.38%，标准差为19.54%.基于上述研究结果，提出了利用地面垂测仪观测数据验证卫星观测的电离层结构参数的方法，并给出了定性的判别依据和定量的判别标准，可在我国电磁监测试验卫星发射后，为F2层峰值电子密度观测数据的真实性和有效性提供检验方法和保障.Abstract: Based on the previous research results, we used some statistical methods such as scatter plot, trend line, correlation coefficient and deviation to process the peak electron density (NmF2) data received by COSMIC satellite and SPIDR ground ionosonde. Both total data statistics and classified data statistics by season, local time and latitude are employed in order to carry out the research on quantitative verification on ionospheric structure parameters. The results show that the NmF2 of COSMIC satellite is consistent with the measured value of ionosonde with correlation coefficient 0.95 and average relative difference -3.38%, along with the standard deviation 19.54%. Based on the study, the verification method of NmF2 observed by satellite is given, and the qualitative and quantitative criteria are also provided, which will ensure the quality of NmF2 observed by China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES).
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图 2 低纬度(a)和中纬度(b)地区NmF2的散点图
Figure 2. The scatter plots of NmF2 in low (a) and middle (b) latitude area
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图 3 夏季(a)、冬季(b)和春秋季(c)NmF2的散点图
Figure 3. The scatter plots of NmF2 in summer (a), winter (b) and equinox (c)
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图 4 白天(a)、夜间(b)及晨昏(c)NmF2的散点图
Figure 4. The scatter plots of NmF2 in day time (a), during the night (b) and in twilight (c)
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图 5 全部观测数据(a)和低纬度地区夏季白天时段(b)观测数据的平均相对偏差MR累积分析图
Figure 5. The cumulative sequence of average relative difference MR for total data (a) and the data in low latitude in summer during the daytime (b)
表 1 筛选出的18个台站的垂测数据与COSMIC观测数据的相关系数及相对偏差统计表
Table 1 The correlation coefficients and deviations between the inosodes and COSMIC data observed by 18 stations
台站编号 N a1 r MR σR MA
/(1010m-3)σA
/(1010m-3)PSJ5J 412 0.91 0.96 -1.57% 18.75% -3.22 10.36 HE13N 281 1.01 0.99 -0.03% 13.36% -0.61 5.08 LV12P 126 1.03 0.98 -2.43% 13.26% -2.01 6.69 PRJ18 119 0.97 0.94 -4.73% 17.30% -4.69 16.76 OK426 150 0.90 0.89 -13.17% 26.99% 12.25 28.89 PA836 69 0.98 0.93 5.26% 19.68% -0.42 4.44 GM037 135 1.22 0.89 -15.71% 19.00% -13.32 20.60 WP937 230 1.05 0.94 2.07% 18.03% -1.07 9.06 AT138 244 1.24 0.94 -13.89% 17.63% -8.89 13.89 BC840 332 1.00 0.97 -0.89% 18.24% 1.01 6.68 EB040 284 1.16 0.96 -3.38% 17.76% 3.58 10.18 PQ052 431 1.00 0.96 -0.37% 16.86% -0.98 6.69 RL052 477 1.07 0.96 -1.48% 17.53% -1.58 6.35 MO155 184 0.99 0.98 -6.79% 17.79% -1.67 4.75 AS00Q 335 1.08 0.91 -12.94% 20.73% -13.03 22.53 BP440 41 1.32 0.91 -7.89% 17.71% -9.02 17.33 HAJ45 123 1.05 0.90 7.85% 25.97% 0.15 9.51 IR352 322 1.05 0.97 1.86% 21.45% 0.97 7.61 注：N为观测数据对的个数, a1为趋势线的斜率，r为观测数据对的相关系数，MR, σR, MA, σA分别为相对偏差ER和绝对偏差EA所对应的平均值和标准差，下同. 
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表 2 不同分类下NmF2的相关系数统计表
Table 2 Statistical results on the correlation coefficients of NmF2 in different classification
夏季 冬季 春秋季 a1 r a1 r a1 r 白天 1.04 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.97 0.93 低纬 夜间 1.33 0.91 0.88 0.95 0.98 0.91 晨昏 1.09 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.97 0.89 白天 0.96 0.97 0.83 0.93 0.89 0.94 中纬 夜间 0.99 0.96 1.00 0.96 0.93 0.96 晨昏 0.99 0.95 0.95 0.97 0.96 0.95
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表 3 在不同分类下的NmF2相对偏差统计表
Table 3 The relative difference statistical results of NmF2 in different classification
N MR σR MA/(1010m-3) σA/(1010m-3) 白天 夜间 晨昏 白天 夜间 晨昏 白天 夜间 晨昏 白天 夜间 晨昏 白天 夜间 晨昏 夏季 低纬 50 38 51 -3.69% -1.84% -12.70% 20.49% 20.19% 17.01% -3.91 -0.70 -9.56 15.41 23.33 18.00 中纬 268 307 256 -2.97% -4.29% -4.45% 15.67% 17.40% 16.10% -3.03 -2.76 -2.91 8.29 7.69 7.48 冬季 低纬 53 60 57 -9.37% -16.69% -10.90% 19.83% 22.81% 22.04% -6.90 -14.71 -11.32 15.48 20.33 23.23 中纬 302 281 244 -2.26% 3.51% 0.55% 21.98% 21.80% 23.00% -3.64 0.20 -1.03 13.66 7.84 6.71 春秋季 低纬 184 109 128 -7.63% -12.39% -10.98% 17.70% 22.71% 24.06% -6.19 -14.49 -13.22 14.77 27.61 27.68 中纬 643 633 631 -3.00% -2.12% -1.97% 18.98% 18.36% 17.27% -3.93 -2.52 -2.16 12.03 9.36 8.89
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