Intersection relationship between south segment of Yishu fault zone and surrounding faults derived from remote sensing and gravity multi-source data
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摘要: 以沂沭断裂带南段(沂水县—郯城县)及周边地区为研究对象,收集该地区的遥感影像、数字高程模型和布格重力数据,研究区域构造地貌和地壳深部构造特征,进一步对沂沭断裂带南段与周边断裂的交切关系予以分析.研究结果显示:在遥感影像中,蒙山山前断裂和苍尼断裂的构造地貌特征明显,断裂沿线发育水系转弯、河流错断、断层陡坎、断层崖、断层三角面等地貌现象,反映了两断裂正断兼左旋走滑的活动性质,其中蒙山山前断裂向东延伸至莒南县附近,苍尼断裂向东延至郯城一带,两条断裂在地貌上均截切了沂沭断裂带;在重力细节场中,两断裂形成了不同尺度上的重力梯度带,切割至下地壳深度,在地壳浅层至深层均交切于沂沭断裂带,且交切处出现扭曲、断折、串珠状等重力异常现象,证实其在地壳深部切穿沂沭断裂带.因此,两条断裂的遥感和重力场解译结果具有明显的一致性,在地貌及深部均截切沂沭断裂带南段,使其出现分段性特征.此外,在临沭县附近发现了一条新断裂,即相庄—沙岭断裂,该断裂在地貌上呈北高南低,沿线水系发生左旋同步转弯,且在1—3阶重力细节场中形成线性梯度条带,故推测该断裂下切至中地壳深度,在临沭县附近截切沂沭断裂带交切于东地堑,并未延伸至西地堑.Abstract: This paper collected remote sensing image, digital elevation model and Bouguer gravity data of the south segment of Yishu fault zone (namely the segment between Yishui county and Tancheng county) and its surrounding areas, and studied the regional tectonic landform and deep crustal structural characteristics so as to analyze the intersection relationships between south segment of Yishu fault zone and its surrounding faults. The research results indicate that Mengshan piedmont fault and Cangni fault exhibit obvious tectonic characteristics consisting of river bends, fault steep, gully leaps, fault scarps and fault facets in the remote sensing images. In detail, Mengshan piedmont fault extends eastward to Ju'nan county, while Cangni fault extends eastward to Tancheng. Both the faults crosscut Yishu fault zone on the geomorphology; in the gravity detail field, the two faults form a gravitational gradient zone on different scales, which extend down to the lower crust and appear as deep faults. Moreover, the lineaments intersect with Yishu fault zone and contribute to the distorted, broken, beaded gravity anomalies, confirming that Yishu fault zone has been cut through in the deep crust. Therefore, a great uniformity between the interpretation results of two faults in remote sensing and gravity field suggests that the two faults all crosscut south segment of Yishu fault zone in landform and deep crust, so that the segmentation characteristics occur. In addition, there is a new fault developed near Linshu county, namely Xiangzhuang-Shaling fault. The fault is higher in north and lower in south, along which the rivers left-hand bend synchronously, and in the 1-to-3-order gravity field there are linear gradient zones, so it is speculated that the fault extends down to the middle crust, and crosscuts the eastern graben of Yishu fault zone near Linshu county, but not extends to the western graben.
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图 1 研究区地貌及主要断裂分布
图中主要断裂分布邓起东等(2007),并根据遥感和重力资料修正
F1:昌邑—大店断裂;F2:白芬子—浮来山断裂;F3:沂水—汤头断裂;F4:鄌郚—葛沟断裂;F5:安丘—莒县断裂;F6:蒙山山前断裂;F7:苍尼断裂;F8:相庄—沙岭断裂(推测断裂)Figure 1. Distribution of landscapes and active faults in the studied area
Main active faults refer to Deng et al (2007), and are modified based on remote sensing and gravity data F1: Changyi-Dadian fault; F2: Baifenzi-Fulaishan fault; F3: Yishui-Tangtou fault; F4: Tangwu-Gegou fault; F5: Anqiu-Juxian fault; F6: Mengshan piedmont fault; F7: Cangni fault; F8: Xiangzhuang-Shaling fault (inferred fault)
图 2 蒙山山前断裂遥感影像(F6-1, F6-2为野外考察点)
(a)铜石镇段断层崖、断层三角面;(b)邱阳—汪沟镇段断裂线性特征;(c)铜石镇段断层崖和断层三角面的三维图
Figure 2. Remote sensing images of Mengshan piedmont fault
(a) Fault scarp and fault triangular facet; (b) Fault linear feature of Qiuyang-Wanggou segment; (c) 3D model about fault scarp and fault triangular facet. F6-1 and F6-2 are field surveying sites
图 4 蒙山山前断裂野外实地考察及地质剖面
(a)铜石镇薛家村北的断层三角面(野外点F6-1位置见图 2a); (b)断面三角面近景;(c)大杨庄断层剖面(王志才等,2001)(野外点F6-2位置见图 2b)
Figure 4. Field investigation and previous profiles of Mengshan piedmont fault
(a) Fault triangular facet in the north of Xuejia village, Tongshi county (The field point F6-1 is shown in Fig. 2a); (b) Close shot of fault triangular facet; (c) The profile along the Dayangzhuang fault (after Wang et al, 2001)(The field point F6-2 is shown in Fig. 2b)
图 5 苍尼断裂遥感影像
(a)苍尼断裂西段线性特征,图中F7-1和F7-2为考察点;(b)断层陡坎; (c)痒厂—北东野的串珠状湖泊和河流转弯; (d)故县城附近河流左旋错动; (e)东段沭河大幅度转弯; (f)苍尼断裂三维立体图
Figure 5. Remote sensing image of Cangni fault
(a) Linear feature of west Cangni fault, where F7-1 and F7-2 are surveying sites; (b) Fault steep; (c) Bead-like lakes and turning of rivers from Yangchang to Beidongye; (d) River's sinistral dislocation near Guxian; (e) Shuhe's sharp turning of east Cangni fault; (f) 3D model of Cangni fault
图 6 苍尼断裂野外实地考察及地质剖面
(a)基岩陡坎及冲沟剖面(野外点F7-1位置见图 5a); (b)水库断层剖面; (c)大杨庄断层剖面(王志才等,2001)(野外点F7-2位置见图 5a)
Figure 6. Field investigation and the profiles along Cangni fault
(a) Bedrock scarp and gully section (The field point F7-1 is shown in Fig. 5a); (b) Fault profile along the reservoir; (c) Fault profile of Dayangzhuang (The field point F7-2 is shown in Fig. 5a) (after Wang et al, 2001)
表 1 Landsat-7 ETM+波段参数
Table 1 Band parameter of Landsat-7 ETM+
波段号 波谱范围/μm 地面分辨率/m 波段名称 1 0.450—0.515 30 蓝绿色 2 0.525—0.605 30 绿色 3 0.630—0.690 30 红色 4 0.775—0.900 30 近红外 5 1.550—1.750 30 短波红外 6 10.40—12.50 60 热红外 7 2.090—2.350 30 短波红外 8 0.520—0.900 15 全色 表 2 1—4阶小波细节图反映的场源深度
Table 2 Source depth reflected by the first-to-fourth-order wavelet detailed images
阶次 近似场源深度/km 1阶细节 2—3 2阶细节 5—6 3阶细节 11—12 4阶细节 24—25 -
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