Comparison of near-field surface and borehole ground motion observed during the Kumamoto MW7.0 earthquake
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摘要: 选取日本熊本MW7.0地震断层距小于200 km的82个近场KiK-net台站记录到的三分量记录数据进行基线校正后，获得近场地面运动水平向的峰值加速度PGA、峰值速度PGV及周期为0.2，1，2，3，5和10 s的加速度反应谱数据，并与美国NGA-West2的地震动预测模型相比较，研究熊本地震地表和井下地震动峰值及反应谱的衰减特征，通过比较KiK-net台站地表与井下记录结果，探讨浅层场地放大效应的影响。研究结果表明：① 对于井下观测结果，NGA-West2的地震动模型对PGA和短周期0.2 s的反应谱的预测值与井下观测值相比整体偏高，而PGV和较长周期地震动（如1，2和3 s的反应谱）的预测值与井下观测值较为吻合；② 地表观测记录的PGA，PGV和周期为0.2—3 s的反应谱残差整体上随vS30对数值的增大呈线性减小的趋势，而周期为5 s和10 s的长周期部分，其场地效应的影响很小；③ 相对于井下记录，地表记录的地震动PGA，PGV和周期为0.2，1和2 s的反应谱有明显的放大，这种放大作用随浅层场地剪切波速的增大而减小；周期为3，5和10 s时长周期地震动的放大效应很小。Abstract: We used the records of 82 near-field strong motion stations （KiK-net）, which are within 200 km to the rupture fault of the Kumamoto MW7.0 earthquake, as database to derive near-field horizontal peak ground acceleration PGA, peak ground velocity PGV and spectra acceleration （period T=0.2, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 s）, after baseline correction we further compared them with the NGA-West2 ground motion model predictions. We investigated the attenuation and residuals distribution characteristics of these intensity measures （IMs）, and shallow site-amplification effects by comparing surface and borehole ground motion records. The following conclusions can be drawn from our study: In the boreholes, NGA-West2 predictions are obviously greater than observations of PGA and T=0.2 s spectra acceleration, but close to the measured value in long-period IMs （spectra acceleration with T=1, 2, 3 s） and PGV. On surface, the residuals of observed PGV and T=0.2–3 s spectra acceleration show linear decrease tendency with the increase ofvS30, but the site effects affect little on the long-period spectra acce-leration. Surface records are greater than borehole in PGA, PGV and T=0.2, 1, 2 s spectra acceleration, and the amplification effects decrease with the increase of shallow site shear velocity; whereas the site amplification has little effects on the long-period spectra acceleration with T=3, 5, 10 s.
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Keywords:
- Kumamoto earthquake /
- strong motion /
- near-field /
- borehole recordings
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图 2 本文以KMMH14台站地表的东西向记录为例进行的基线校正方法图解
Figure 2. Graphical illustration of baseline correction method used in this study taking east-west ground motion recordings of the station KMMH14 as an example
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图 3 KMMH14台站地表记录经过基线校正后的三分向加速度和速度时程
Figure 3. Three-component acceleration and velocity time histories obtained after baseline correction from surface recordings of the station KMMH14
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图 4 KiK-net井下记录的水平向地震动衰减特征
Figure 4. The attenuation of horizontal ground motion of KiK-net borehole records
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图 5 KiK-net地表记录的水平向地震动衰减特征
Figure 5. The attenuation of horizontal ground motion of KiK-net surface records
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图 6 KiK-net地表与井下地震动对比
Figure 6. Comparison of surface and borehole ground motion records from KiK-net stations
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图 7 Kik-net台站记录井下与地表的地震动比值随vS30的变化
Figure 7. Variation of borehole to surface ratio for various intensity measures with vS30 of KiK-net records
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图 8 按照测井深度h分组的井下与地表地震动比值分布
Figure 8. Variation of borehole to surface ground motion ratio （grouped by logging depth h） with vS30
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图 9 近断层台站地表与井下记录的反应谱值对比（阻尼比为5%）
Figure 9. Comparisons of observed surface-to-borehole acceleration spectrum ratio from near-fault stations
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图 10 依据剪切波速vS30分组的地表与井下平均谱比曲线对比
Figure 10. Comparison of average surface-to-borehole spectra ratio curve for five grouped vS30 bins
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图 11 B，C和D类场地的地表与井下平均谱比曲线对比
Figure 11. Comparison of surface-to-borehole spectrum ratio curves for site classes B，C and D
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图 12 强震动与弱震动作用下地表与井下平均反应谱比曲线的对比
Figure 12. Comparison of surface-to-borehole spectrum ratio curve for strong and weak motions
表 1 KiK-net井下记录回归得到的熊本地震近场地震动衰减模型的参数
Table 1 Regression coefficients of the attenuation model obtained based on KiK-net borehole records
地震动参数 a b c d e PGA 8.155 − 0.651 9 − 8.413 0 0 PGV 4.337 − 0.345 9 1.427 0 0 SA02 9.894 − 0.774 2 12.77 0 0 SA1 7.097 − 0.490 9 − 3.338 0 0 SA2 6.18 − 0.416 5 4.176 0 0 SA3 5.438 − 0.357 8 − 2.024 0 0 SA5 4.537 − 0.300 4 1.718 0 0 SA10 2.406 − 0.145 8 − 0.003 876 0 0 注：SA02，SA1，SA2，SA3，SA5，SA10表示阻尼比为5%，周期分别为0.2，1，2，3，5，10 s的加速度反应谱值，单位为cm/s2，下同. 
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表 2 基于KiK-net地表记录得到的地震动衰减参数
Table 2 Ground motion attenuation coefficients based on KiK-net surface records
地震动参数 a b c d e PGA 10.43 – 0.310 2 – 5.649 – 0.013 79 – 0.463 6 PGV 6.873 – 0.447 8 – 2.452 0 – 0.2262 SA02 12.92 – 0.622 2 – 14.03 – 0.006 032 – 0.390 9 SA1 11.84 – 0.619 – 3.605 0 – 0.509 5 SA2 9.813 – 0.492 6 – 3.989 0 – 0.440 9 SA3 8.135 – 0.399 7 – 2.641 0 – 0.351 7 SA5 5.159 – 0.312 5 – 1.449 0 – 0.068 8 SA10 2.691 – 0.17 – 0.001 549 0 0
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表 3 对比研究中选取的地震事件
Table 3 Earthquakes events chosen for comparison
地震事件 发震时间 北纬/° 东经/° 震源深度/km M 年-月-日 时:分 1 2016-04-16 01:25 32.75 130.76 12 7.3 2 2016-04-16 01:46 32.86 130.90 11 5.9 3 2016-04-16 03:03 32.96 131.09 7 5.9 4 2016-04-15 05:10 32.76 130.81 10 4.6 5 2014-08-29 04:14 32.14 132.15 18 6.0
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