Inversion of multi-mode surface waves extracted from the shallow seismic reflection data
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摘要: 浅层地震反射波法和面波方法是两种相互独立发展的地震勘探方法，在各自的数据采集和处理中，对方都是作为干扰信号而存在. 本文利用浅层地震反射资料中被视为干扰的面波信号，通过成熟的多道面波勘探技术处理浅层地震反射资料，在频率-波数域中提取多阶振型面波的频散曲线，并基于该曲线反演浅地表S波速度结构. 这种方法充分开发利用了已有数据，无需单独的面波数据采集系统，同时为解释浅层地震反射资料提供了额外的信息约束. 结果表明：浅层地震反射资料中可提取出可靠的多阶振型面波频散曲线，并能给出稳定的反演结果，同时，面波反演的多解性可以通过高阶振型反演得以进一步约束；低速层的存在是观测频散曲线出现振型跳跃或呈“之”字形回折的必要条件而非充分条件.Abstract: Shallow seismic reflection and surface wave are two seismic exploration methods which are developing independently. In their respective data collection and processing, the concerned signal in one method is usually thought as the disturbed one in the other method. In this paper, the " disturbed” surface wave occurred in the data collected by shallow seismic reflection survey was reused. The dispersion curves of multi-mode surface waves were extracted in the frequency-wave number domain based on these data by applying the multi-channel surface wave technology. The S-wave velocity profiles were then inversed by taking the fundamental and/or first-order modes into account. This method fully exploited the existing data. Therefore, the special data collection for surface waves is not needed, and additional constraint is offered to the interpretation of shallow seismic reflection data. The results indicate that the reliable multi-mode dispersion curves of surface waves can be extracted from the shallow seismic reflection data, and stable S-wave velocity profile can be obtained. Meanwhile, it is concluded that the existence of low-velocity layer is the necessary rather than the sufficient condition to make the observed dispersion curve exhibit the mode-jumping among the mode branches.
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图 1 天津某地活断层浅层地震勘探数据的时间序列
Figure 1. Time series of shallow seismic survey implemented in Tianjin
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图 2 图1所示时间序列在频率-波数域中的能量分布（a）及剔除体波后的面波能量（b）
Figure 2. Energy distribution in frequency-wave number domain of the time series shown in Fig.1 （a） and surface wave energy after removing the body waves （b）
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图 3 频率-相速度域中面波能量分布及提取的多阶振型频散曲线
Figure 3. Dispersion curves and energy distribution of surface waves in frequency-phase velocity domain
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图 4 只考虑基阶振型的S波反演结果
（a） 初始模型经30次迭代收敛至最终反演模型；（b） 观测基阶振型与反演模型的频散曲线拟合
Figure 4. The inversed results considering only the fundamental mode
（a） The process of the initial model converged to the final model after 30 iterations；（b） The fitting of the dispersions of observed one and inversed model
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图 5 同时考虑基阶和1阶高振型下S波的反演结果
（a） 由初始模型经30次迭代收敛至最终反演模型；（b） 观测的基阶振型与反演模型的频散曲线拟合
Figure 5. The inversion results considering the fundamental and first-mode Rayleigh waves
（a） The process of the initial model converged to the final model after 30 iterations; （b） The fitting of the dispersions of observed one and inversed model
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图 6 仅考虑基阶与考虑基阶和1阶振型的反演结果的对比
Figure 6. Comparison ofinversion result by considering fundamental wave with that by fundamental and the first-mode waves
表 1 初始模型参数和反演结果
Table 1 The parameters of the final and initial model
层数 层厚/m ρ/（g·cm−3） vP/（m·s−1） 初始vS/（m·s−1） 反演vS/（m·s−1） 1 1.0 1.60 300 150 137.2 2 1.5 1.66 350 150 159.9 3 0.5 1.73 400 156 192.7 4 0.5 1.77 450 163 217.0 5 0.5 1.79 500 165 228.8 6 0.5 1.79 550 165 232.2 7 0.5 1.78 560 168 234.7 8 0.5 1.78 570 170 233.7 9 0.5 1.79 580 175 233.5 10 0.5 1.79 590 180 232.1 11 0.5 1.79 600 185 230.3 12 1.0 1.79 700 190 228.1 13 2.0 1.79 800 200 230.7 14 3.0 1.79 900 210 232.9 15 4.0 1.80 1 100 220 235.3 半空间 1.80 1 200 230 237.7 
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1. 高雅婧，孙云强，罗纲. 1999年集集地震前后台湾地区地震b值及应力场时空演化特征. 地球物理学报. 2022(06): 2137-2152 . 
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