Comparison on different seismometers performance based on probability density functions
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摘要: 在记录波形一致性分析的基础上，对比不同仪器的噪声概率密度函数的分布形态和中值曲线，以及不同频率处的概率密度分布，得出仪器的实际观测性能差别，其与仪器特性及传递函数的差别相一致。利用对比噪声概率密度函数的方法可以定量地、直观地给出不同仪器观测性能差别，更为细致地了解不同地震计的差别，对观测资料作出合理的评估。Abstract: The difference in observational performance between different seismological instruments is not easy to find. In this paper, we discuss differences in the performance of observational seismological instruments on the same observation conditions, using a comparison of the probability density functions （PDFs）of the noise power spectrum, based on an analysis of conformance of seismic recorded waveforms. After comparing the probability density distribution of the power spectrum at different frequencies, as well as the distribution and median curves of PDFs of the noise power spectrum, we obtained the quantitative observation difference of different instruments. This difference agrees with the difference of instrument characteristics and transfer functions. By comparing the PDFs of the noise power spectrum, the quantitative and visual differences in the observation performance of different instruments can be given. This is a more detailed view of the difference between instruments and provides a reasonable evaluation of the observation data.
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Keywords:
- probability density functions /
- seismometer comparison /
- ambient noise
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图 1 流动台和固定台不同分量的地震波形记录对比
（a）和（b）分别为远震的垂直分量和水平合并分量； （c）和（d）分别为近震的垂直分量和水平合并分量
Figure 1. Comparisons of seismic waveforms for different component between the mobile station and the fixed station
（a） and （b） are vertical component and synthesized horizontal component of distant earthquake, respectively；（c） and （d） are vertical component and synthesized horizontal component of near earthquake, respectively
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图 2 流动台和固定台不同分量地震波形记录的相关分析结果
（a）和（b）分别为远震垂直分量和水平合并分量； （c）和（d）分别为近震垂直分量和水平合并分量
Figure 2. Cross-correlations of different component seismic waveforms of the mobile station and the fixed station
（a） and （b） are vertical and combined horizontal component of distant earthquake respectively；（c） and （d） are vertical and combined horizontal component in near earthquake respectively
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图 3 两套仪器不同分量的PDF对比
（a）和（b）分别为流动台和固定台的垂直分量PDF；（c）和（d）分别为流动台和固定台的南北分量PDF
Figure 3. The comparisons of PDF of different components
（a） and （b） show vertical component PDFs of mobile station and fixed station； （c） and （d） show north-south component PDFs of mobile station and fixed station
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图 4 流动台和固定台垂直分量（a）和南北分量（b）的PDF中值及仪器自噪声对比
Figure 4. The comparison of the PDF median and instrument self noise between the mobile station and the fixed station in vertical component （a） and north-south component （b）
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图 5 不同频率处流动台和固定台PSD概率分布对比
（a）—（f）分别为0.06，0.1，1，10，30和40 s处固定台和流动台PSD概率分布的对比
Figure 5. PSD probability distribution comparison between the mobile station and the fixed station at certain frequencies
（a）−（f） are the comparisons at frequencies of 0.06，0.1，1，10，30 and 40 s，respectively
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图 6 流动台和固定台的PDF分布定量差值
Figure 6. The quantitative difference of PDFs between the mobile station and the fixed station
表 1 观测仪器的主要参数
Table 1 Main parameters of the observation instruments
台站类型 数采型号 数采字长/bit 数采动态范围/dB 地震计型号 地震计频率范围 地震计动态范围/dB 采样率/sps 固定台 EDAS-24 24 ＞135 BBVS-60 40 Hz—60 s ＞130 100 流动台 REFTEK-130 24 ＞135 CMG-3T 50 Hz—120 s ＞140 50 
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