Anomaly of thermal infrared brightness temperature and basin effect before Jiuzhaigou MS7.0 earthquake in 2017
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摘要: 以中国静止气象卫星亮温数据为数据基础，采用小波变换和功率谱估计方法进行处理分析，并对处理后的数据进行时空扫描。结果表明：① 在2017年8月8日九寨沟MS7.0地震前，沿龙门山断裂带存在一条热红外辐射增温带，其热辐射异常主要分布于四川盆地边缘，异常面积最大可达6×104 km2，九寨沟地震即发生在增温区域的边缘；② 九寨沟地震的相对功率谱时序演化特征显示，2017年7月初相对功率谱幅值迅速升高以后，长时间持续呈高幅值状态，且与过去十年的数据相比相对功率谱较为突出，直到地震后一段时间才恢复；③ 九寨沟地震异常的分布与汶川地震前热辐射异常展布相似，对其它发生在含油气盆地边缘的地震进行综合分析认为，热辐射异常均具有类似盆地形态的特征，反之，这种类似盆地形态的异常与MS≥6.5地震的对应率为75%；④ 地震盆地效应是位于盆地边缘的、具有不同发震构造的地震表现出相似的热辐射空间展布的主要原因，与地球放气理论机理解释相一致。Abstract: In this paper, wavelet transform and power spectrum estimation methods are used for processing and analyzing the brightness temperature data from China’s geostationary meteoro-logical satellite. Then the obtained time-frequency data is scanned by time and space scanning method. The results show that: ① Before the Jiuzhaigou MS7.0 earthquake on August 8, 2017, there was a thermal infrared radiation warming zone along the Longmenshan fault zone. The thermal radiation anomaly is mainly distributed on the edge of the Sichuan basin, with an anomalous area of 6×104 km2. The Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred at the edge of the warming area. ② The time series evolution characteristics of relative power spectrum of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake show that after the relative power spectrum amplitude increases rapidly in early July 2017, there is a long-term continuous high amplitude state, which is more prominent than the data of the past ten years. It did not recover until some time after the earthquake. ③ The anomalous distribution of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake is similar to that of the Wenchuan earthquake. The comprehensive analysis of other earthquakes occurring at the edge of the petroliferous basin suggests that the thermal radiation anomalies are similar to the basin morphology. The corresponding rate of this basin-like anomaly is 75% compared with the MS≥6.5 earthquake. ④ The earthquake basin effect is the main reason for the similar thermal radiation spatial distribution of earthquakes with different seismogenic structures located at the edge of the basin, which is consistent with the theoretical explanation of the earth deflation theory.
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图 1 热红外原始亮温（BT）数据及其经小波变换后的信息
（a） 原始亮温数据；（b） 2阶小波尺度部分；（c） 2阶小波细节部分；（d） 7阶小波尺度部分；（e） 2阶小波尺度部分与7阶小波尺度部分之差
Figure 1. The results of wavelet transformation of thermal infrared brightness temperature （BT） data
（a） Original record of brightness temperature；（b） Results with 2nd-order scale analysis；（c） Details of 2nd-order wavelet；（d） Results with 7th-order scale analysis；（e） Difference between 2nd-order scale analysis and 7th-order scale analysis
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图 2 2017年7月23日中国中西部的热红外异常空间分布图
F1：塔臧断裂；F2：树正断裂；F3：岷江断裂；F4：虎牙断裂；F5：雪山梁子断裂
Figure 2. Spatial distribution of thermal infrared anomaly in central-western China on July 23，2017
F1：Tazang fault；F2：Shuzheng fault；F3：Minjiang fault；F4：Huya fault；F5：Xueshanliangzi fault
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图 3 九寨沟地震前后相对功率谱的时空变化过程
Figure 3. Spatio-temporal evolution of relative power spectrum for Jiuzhaigou earthquake
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图 4 九寨沟地震区的相对功率谱时序曲线
Figure 4. Time-series curves of relative power spectrum of anomaly area for Jiuzhaigou earthquake
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图 5 6次盆地周缘地震的热辐射异常空间分布
（a） 2008年3月21日于田MS7.3地震；（b） 2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0地震；（c） 2012年6月30日新源MS6.6地震； （d） 2015年7月3日皮山MS6.5地震；（e） 2017年8月8日九寨沟MS7.0地震； （f） 2017年8月9日精河MS6.6地震
Figure 5. Spatial distributions of thermal infrared anomalies for six earthquakes around the basins
（a） Yutian MS7.3 earthquake on March 21，2008；（b） Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake on May 12，2008；（c） Xinyuan MS6.6 earthquake on June 30，2012；（d） Pishan MS6.5 earthquake on July 3，2015； （e） Jiuzhaigou MS7.0 earthquake on August 8，2017；（f） Jinghe MS6.6 earthquake on August 9， 2017
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图 6 6次盆地周缘地震的相对功率谱时序曲线
Figure 6. Time-series curves of relative power spectrum for six earthquakes around basin
表 1 盆地周缘地震的热辐射与对应盆地之间的相关性参数
Table 1 The correlation parameters between the thermal radiation anomalies for six earthquakes and the corresponding basins
发震日期 地点 MS 特征
周期/d发震构造 响应盆地 盆地性质 异常最大
面积/（104 km2）盆地一侧
占比相对盆地
位置2008−03−21 于田 7.3 64 郭扎错断裂 塔里木盆地 含油气田 55 100% 盆地内及边缘 2008−05−12 汶川 8.0 13 龙门山断裂带 四川盆地 含油气田 12 66% 盆地北部及以外 2012−06−30 新源 6.6 11 伊犁盆地北缘断裂 塔里木盆地 含油气田 60 83% 盆地中东部及以外 2015−07−03 皮山 6.5 32 泽普断裂 塔里木盆地 含油气田 44 100% 盆地内及边缘 2017−08−08 九寨沟 7.0 11 树正断裂 四川盆地 含油气田 8 50% 盆地西北及以外 2017−08−09 精河 6.6 21 库松木契克山前断裂 准噶尔盆地 含油气田 25 100% 盆地及以外 
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表 2 地震相对功率谱时序曲线特征
Table 2 The features of time-series curves of relative power spectrum for six earthquakes
发震日期 地点 MS 相对功率谱峰值 峰值出现时间 相对功率大于2的持续时间/d 2008−03−21 新疆于田 7.3 9.8 3月13日（震前8天） 105 2008−05−12 四川汶川 8.0 7.4 5月8日（震前4天） 81 2012−06−30 新疆新源 6.6 16.0 6月25日（震前5天） 75 2015−07−03 新疆皮山 6.5 13.8 8月25日（震后53天） 33 2017−08−08 四川九寨沟 7.0 11.5 8月2日（震前6天） 73 2017−08−09 新疆精河 6.6 13.5 8月1日（震前8天） 52
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