Probabilistic earthquake location in three-dimensional velocity models applied in Tengchong
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摘要:
本文利用中国数字测震台网和流动台站的地震资料，基于参数优化的AICD自动拾取算法和质量评估方案得到了高质量的震相到时，并在此基础上使用一维、三维定位方法对腾冲地区的799次地震事件进行了重新定位。定位结果显示：水平方向上，一维、三维重定位结果相差较小；深度方向上，三维定位的震源成丛分布比一维定位结果更加密集，地震主要位于地壳内低速层之上。分别利用一维、三维定位方法对典型地震、人工震源进行定位，结果表明，三维定位的精度明显优于一维定位，其在水平、深度方向上的平均绝对定位误差分别为0.7 km和1.3 km。
Abstract:The accuracy of earthquake location strongly depends on quality and consistency of available traveltime data. We obtained accurate automatic picks by employing optimized AICD automatic pickers and quality assessment scheme at temporary and permanent seismic networks surrounding Tengchong volcanic area. Based on those high-quality first-arrivals, we relocated 799 earthquakes with 1D （Hypomat） and 3D （probabilistic earthquake location） location algorithms. The comparison of 799 hypocenter relocations obtained by 1D location method （Hypomat） to those relocated in 3D velocity model using a probabilistic approach reveals no systematic shifts in epicenter locations but does exhibit large vertical shifts. 3D relocations are usually at the top of low velocity layers in crust and more clustered than 1D relocations. The events relocated with the 1D model seem often deeper than the events relocated with the 3D model. Relocating artificial sources and typical seismic sequences using 1D and 3D methods confirms that probabilistic earthquake location combined with 3D velocity model yields more precise hypocenter locations for Tengchong and has mean absolute errors of 0.7 km horizontally and 1.3 km vertically.
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图 5 腾冲火山区799次地震的的一维（a）和三维（b）重定位结果
Figure 5. 1D Hypomat （a） and 3D NonLinLoc （b） relocations of 799 events located in Tengchong
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图 1 云南地区断裂分布（修改自马丽芳等，2002）
F1：怒江断裂；F2：澜沧江断裂；F3：红河断裂；F4：金沙江断裂；F5：哀牢山断裂；F6：小金河断裂；F7：小江断裂；F8：弥勒断裂；F9：则木河断裂；F10：绿汁江断裂；F11：楚雄—通海断裂
Figure 1. The distribution of faults in Yunnan area （after Ma et al，2002）
F1：Nujiang fault；F2：Lancangjiang fault；F3：Honghe fault；F4：Jinshajiang fault；F5：Ailaoshan fault；F6：Xiaojinhe fault；F7：Xiaojiang fault；F8：Mile fault；F9：Zemuhe fault；F10：Lüzhijiang fault；F11：Chuxiong-Tonghai fault
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图 2 研究区台站和中国地震编目系统提供的地震震中分布
Figure 2. Distributions of seismic stations and epicenters provided by the unified national cataloging system
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图 3 一维速度模型和地震定位结果
（a） P波和S波初始速度模型；（b） P波和S波最优一维速度模型，其中HJ1，WCY1 和GJY1基于图（a）中的初始模型得到，HJ1，WCY1 和GJY1的平均值为平均一维模型，基于平均一维模型得到最终最优速度模型；（c） 本文 一维定位使用的最终最优速度模型和基于该模型反演得到的震源深度分布图
Figure 3. The P-wave and S-wave velocity models and relocating results
（a） Initial P-wave and S-wave velocity structures；（b） The best P-wave and S-wave velocity models obtained from the VELEST inversion based on different initial models shown in Fig. （a）；（c） The final minimum 1D P-wave and S-wave velocity models used to 1D location and histogram of the events distributionin depth obtained by VELEST inversion based on the final minimum model，where the final minimum 1D P-wave and S-wave velocity models are obtained based on the average of three velocity models resulting from three different initial velocity models
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图 4 VELEST定位稳定性试验
黑色圆点为地震事件在纬度（a）、经度（b）、深度（c）上的随机扰动量，红色圆点为定位恢复试验后震源坐标的误差
Figure 4. Test of VELEST location stability
Black dots represent the amount of shift along latitude （a），longitude （b） and depth （c） with respect to the reference locations，the inversion is then repeated，and the retrieved location shifts are shown as red dots
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图 6 一维（a）和三维（b）重定位走时残差统计图
Figure 6. Histograms of travel-time residual for 1D Hypomat （a） and 3D NonLinLoc （b） relocations
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图 7 人工震源的一维、三维重定位结果
图（a）中右上角为人工震源重定位所用到的台站，图（b）为重定位结果在测线MN （图（a））上的投影
Figure 7. The artificial sources （circles） relocated with 1D （squares） and 3D （stars） methods
The inset of Fig. （a） marks the seismic station distribution used to relocations，Fig. （b） shows relo-cations projected onto the cross section MN in Fig. （a）
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图 8 云南腾冲MS5.2双震及其余震序列在图5b中剖面AA-BB上的投影
图中S波速度模型引自郑晨等（2016）
Figure 8. The Tengchong MS5.2 double earthquakes and their aftershocks projected onto the cross section AA-BB of Fig. 5b
S-wave velocity model refers from Zheng et al （2016）
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图 9 重定位震源在各剖面（图5b）上的投影
图中每次地震到剖面的垂直距离小于11 km，S波速度模型引自郑晨等（2016）
Figure 9. Relocated earthquakes projected onto the cross-sections shown in Fig. 5b
In the fig. ，the distance of each earthquake from the section is smaller than 11 km，and the S-wave velocity model refers from Zheng et al （2016）
表 1 本文所得799次地震事件的一维、三维重定位结果与中国地震台网中心（CENC）定位结果的比较
Table 1 Relative comparison of the 799 epicentre locations calculated by either this study or the CENC
定位差 水平向定位差
平均值/km水平向定位差
最大值/km水平向定位差≤
3.5 km事件占比垂直向定位差
平均值/km垂直向定位差
最大值/km垂直向定位差≤
3.5 km事件占比NLL−CENC 2.31±1.64 12.96 85.11% 3.12±2.45 19.52 65.08% Hypomat−CENC 2.22±1.63 11.16 83.10% 3.21±2.68 21.00 64.83% NLL−Hypomat 1.69±1.44 14.52 92.12% 2.72±2.72 16.41 75.59% 
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