辽宁省地震监测站地下水化学类型及成因分析

孙凤霞, 崔月菊, 王海燕, 李静, 杜建国

孙凤霞,崔月菊,王海燕,李静,杜建国. 2020. 辽宁省地震监测站地下水化学类型及成因分析. 地震学报,42(1):79−90. doi:10.11939/jass.20190091. DOI: 10.11939/jass.20190091
引用本文: 孙凤霞,崔月菊,王海燕,李静,杜建国. 2020. 辽宁省地震监测站地下水化学类型及成因分析. 地震学报,42(1):79−90. doi:10.11939/jass.20190091. DOI: 10.11939/jass.20190091
Sun F X,Cui Y J,Wang H Y,Li J,Du J G. 2020. Hydrochemical types and origins analysis of groundwater at the seismic monitoring stations in Liaoning Province. Acta Seismologica Sinica42(1):79−90. doi:10.11939/jass.20190091. DOI: 10.11939/jass.20190091
Citation: Sun F X,Cui Y J,Wang H Y,Li J,Du J G. 2020. Hydrochemical types and origins analysis of groundwater at the seismic monitoring stations in Liaoning Province. Acta Seismologica Sinica42(1):79−90. doi:10.11939/jass.20190091. DOI: 10.11939/jass.20190091

辽宁省地震监测站地下水化学类型及成因分析

基金项目: 中国地震局地震预测研究所基本科研业务专项(2018IEF010204)和中国地震局地震预测重点实验室自主课题(2017KLEP03)共同资助
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    杜建国: e-mail:jianguodu@hotmail.com

  • 中图分类号: P641.3

Hydrochemical types and origins analysis of groundwater at the seismic monitoring stations in Liaoning Province

  • 摘要:

    通过测试辽宁省15个地震监测站泉水或井水的氢、氧同位素组成及主要离子组分含量,讨论了泉水或井水的化学类型及其成因。测得泉水或井水的δD和δ18O值范围分别为−82.5‰—−54.4‰和−11.4‰—−7.3‰,表明所测泉水和井水的主要来源为大气降水。研究区低温泉水为低矿化度的Ca-SO4·HCO3型或Ca-HCO3·SO4型;而较高温度的花岗岩裂隙水中溶解了较多的钠硅酸盐矿物,水化学类型主要为Na-HCO3·SO4型;碳酸盐岩及含砾砂岩含水层分别分布于辽宁省西部及中部地区,水温略低于高温花岗岩裂隙水,水化学类型为Na·Ca-HCO3型。水中F含量较高,且F含量与温度、pH值、Na${{\rm HCO}_3^{-} }$的浓度呈正相关,表明泉水或井水的化学类型是深部富CO2流体及大气降水与花岗岩反应的结果。

    Abstract:

    The hydrochemical types and origins of underground waters collected from 15 seismic monitoring stations in Liaoning Province are discussed based on the isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen as well as ion concentrations. δD and δ18O values of underground water ranged from −82.5‰ to −54.4‰ and from −11.4 ‰ to −7.3‰, respectively, which indicates that the waters had a meteoric origin. Granite is widely distributed in the studied area. The cold spring waters were the type of Ca-SO4·HCO3 and Ca-HCO3·SO4, while the hot spring waters from fractured granite were mainly type of Na-HCO3·SO4 due to the dissolution of silicate minerals. The water samples with moderate temperature in the western and middle parts of Liaoning Province were the type of Na·Ca-HCO3, resulting from dissolution of silicate minerals and carbonate. The concentration of F is positively correlated with temperature, pH, concentrations of Na and HCO3 , indicating reaction between the granite and the fluids enriched in CO2 .

  • 根据美国地质调查局(United States Geological Survey,缩写为USGS)国家地震信息中心(National Earthquake Information Centre,缩写为NEIC)的测定,2021年2月13日14时7分50秒(UTC),日本本州以东发生了一次矩震级高达MW7.2的地震,震中位于(37.745°N,141.749°E),震源深度为49.94 km,这是截至本文发稿时最终更新的定位结果,更新前为(37.686°N,141.992°E),震源深度为54.0 km。美国地质调查局(USGS,2021)和全球矩心矩张量组(GCMT,2021)随后发布了这次地震的矩心矩张量解(表1)。震后48小时内累计发生M>2.5余震13次,其中最大的余震震级达到MW5.3,主震和余震的深度分布在35—65 km之间。该事件所在区域曾于2011年3月11日发生过MW9.1特大地震(Duputel et al,2012a)并引起破坏性海啸,相较于2011年MW9.1事件,本次事件的位置更靠近西侧,发生在俯冲带较深的区域。

    表  1  GCMT,USGS 和本研究所得日本本州东海岸MW7.2地震矩心矩张量解
    Table  1.  The centroid moment tensor solutions for the MW7.2 earthquake in the east coast of Honshu,Janpan,from GCMT,USGS and this study
    机构矩张量/(1019 N·m)矩心参数
    MrrMttMppMrtMrpMtpτc/s北纬/°东经/°矩心深度/km
    GCMT (2021)5.540−0.647−4.8900.269−1.760−1.7409.637.60141.6350.7
    USGS (2021)(W震相)4.557−0.220−4.3370.724−0.773−1.55013.237.63141.8860.5
    USGS (2021)(体波)5.964−1.531−4.4340.313−2.151−1.15637.75141.7250.6
    本文8.588−0.147−8.440−0.217−2.755−1.00012.037.65141.4550.0
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    基于对该事件震级、噪声水平及空间分辨率的综合考虑,我们收集了震中距处于34.53°—89.92°范围内全球地震台网(Global Seismograph Network,缩写为GSN)和宽频带数字地震台网联盟(International Federation of Digital Seismograph Network,缩写为FDSN) 61个台站的宽频带垂直分量数据作为观测资料,采用AK135模型计算格林函数(Wang,1999)并截取P波数据,根据震级将滤波频带设定为0.01—0.05 Hz。与Kanamori和Rivera (2008)Duputel等(2012b)以及先前的研究(张喆等,2020)相同,本文采用网格搜索的方法对矩心时空信息进行非线性反演,结果如图1所示。反演结果显示,矩心时间为12 s,矩心水平坐标为(37.65°N,141.45°E),矩心深度为50 km,其中双力偶成分占比接近100%。根据矩心矩张量解(表1图2),我们也得到了相应的最佳双力偶解(表2)。图3展示了利用反演结果计算的合成波形与观测波形的比较,二者的整体相关系数达到0.93,二次误差为5.785×10−8,大多数台站的相关系数在0.90以上。

    图  1  日本本州东海岸MW7.2地震矩心矩张量解反演过程
    (a) 矩心时间τc搜索;(b) 矩心水平空间搜索,黄色圆圈表示矩心水平坐标;(c) 矩心深度hc搜索;(d) 矩心相对震中的位置,红色沙滩球表示矩心矩张量解,红色星形表示震中
    Figure  1.  Inversion process of the centroid moment tensor solution for the MW7.2 earthquake in the east coast of Honshu,Japan
    (a) Search for centroid time τc;(b) Search for the horizontal location of the centroid (yellow circle);(c) Search for centroid depth hc; (d) The centroid location (beach-ball) with respect to the instrumental epicenter (red hexagon)
    图  2  矩心矩张量反演参数以及台站分布与反演结果
    Figure  2.  The parameters of the centroid moment tensor inversion,the station distribution and the inversion results
    表  2  GCMT,USGS以及本研究得到的日本本州东海岸MW7.2地震的最佳双力偶解
    Table  2.  The best double-couple solutions for the MW7.2 earthquake in the east coast of Honshu,Japan,from USGS,GCMT and this study
    机构标量地震矩
    /(1019 N·m)
    双力偶
    成分占比
    节面Ⅰ节面Ⅱ
    走向/°倾角/°滑动角/°走向/°倾角/°滑动角/°
    GCMT (2021)5.80099%19253802838103
    USGS (2021)(W震相)4.83196%18749743043107
    USGS (2021)(体波)5.90361%19155822535102
    本文9.008100%186548973691
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格
    图  3  观测数据与合成数据的比较
    Figure  3.  Comparison between the observed (blue) and synthetic (red) waveforms

    与USGS和GCMT的结果(图4)相比,本文反演所得矩心时间12 s介于二者之间,而矩心位置(37.65°N,141.45°E,深度50 km)要更偏向西侧。本文反演得到的标量地震矩达到9.008×1019 N·m,换算为矩震级约MW7.24,高于其它机构(约MW7.1)的结果。此外,本文反演得到矩张量解中双力偶成分占比接近100%,这个数值要略高于GCMT和USGS (W震相)的结果,明显高于USGS (体波)发布的结果。从最佳双力偶解所确定的断层面来看,本研究的走向和倾角与其它研究结果近似,滑动角上存在接近10°的差异。经反复测试我们认为滑动角、矩心位置与其它研究结果的差异与观测资料、滤波频带的不同以及参考震中(Preliminary Determination Epicenter,缩写为PDE)的变更相关。从本文反演得到的震源机制解来看这是一次纯逆冲事件。

    图  4  2011年MW9.1地震(灰色沙滩球)后M>2.5事件以及本州东海岸MW7.2地震的余震分布和各机构发布的该主震的矩心矩张量反演结果
    Figure  4.  The centroid moment tensor solutions (colored beach-balls) from various institutions and aftershocks of the MW7.2 earthquake in east coast of Honshu as well as the M>2.5 earthquakes since the 2011 MW9.1 earthquake (gray beach-ball)

    本研究使用的数字波形数据均通过地震学联合研究会(Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology,缩写为IRIS)数据中心获取,震源机制数据分别来自于全球矩心矩张量(GCMT)和美国地质调查局(USGS),余震数据来自于美国地质调查局(USGS),作者在此表示感谢!

  • 图  1   辽宁省地震流体监测采样点分布图

    Figure  1.   Distribution of the sampling points for seismic fluid monitoring in Liaoning Province

    图  2   辽宁地震监测站点地下水的氢、氧同位素组成图解

    Figure  2.   Plot of δD versus δ18O for ground waters from seismic monitoring station in Liaoning Province

    图  3   辽宁地区水样Piper图

    Figure  3.   Piper diagram of water samples in Liaoning Province

    表  1   辽宁省地震监测台站地下水样品物理化学参数

    Table  1   Physical and chemical parameters of the groundwater samples from the seismic observatories in Liaoning Province


    采样
    位置
    采样
    水类型
    东经
    北纬
    水温
    /℃
    pH值离子浓度/(mg·L−1δDδ18O水化学类型
    Li+Na+K+Mg2+Ca2+FClBrSO42−NO3CO32−TDSHCO3
    1五佰町119.3841.37/8.690.96579.753.201.18 5.9627.71333.27 3.68303.76 1.0233.90668.621 628.68−85.37‰−11.4‰ Na-HCO3·Cl
    2喀什119.3941.3948.08.830.50403.415.482.41 11.5215.99150.80 0.29301.92 1.58448.051 117.93−85.97‰−11.3‰ Na-HCO3·SO4
    3药王庙120.1540.8034.98.040.3492.3614.0616.66 44.305.88 43.330.12 37.10334.31 421.31−82.49‰−11.3‰ Na·Ca-HCO3
    4沈家台120.8741.4128.18.190.3472.0910.4320.06 48.554.63 18.33 42.08372.77 402.89−70.56‰ −9.84‰ Na·Ca-HCO3
    5阜新121.6042.0517.27.860.0362.631.1625.28102.382.62 61.800.11267.02 1.53179.22 614.17−67.65‰ −8.88‰ Ca·Na -SO4·HCO3
    6哈达呼哨121.6942.2716.47.8612.251.015.93 62.960.27 15.15 80.81 79.14 62.04 288.52−65.66‰ −8.38‰ Ca-SO4·HCO3
    7盘锦122.0241.1823.07.4778.642.5115.86 50.210.21 28.150.39 0.18372.22 362.26−69.73‰ −9.26‰ Na·Ca-HCO3
    8金州122.0339.2516.76.8835.782.7650.86198.27516.64 58.69112.69 82.721 017.04−54.39‰ −7.33‰ Ca·Mg-Cl
    9安波122.3139.8468.58.610.05122.034.110.21 5.9313.47 35.71 80.0613.56137.86 344.05−61.98‰ −8.77‰ Na-HCO3·SO4
    10狄家堡123.1140.2440.18.60.0363.842.790.08 5.2610.12 10.01 38.89 1.4323.73 31.02 171.69−63.90‰ −9.02‰ Na-HCO3·SO4
    11徐家堡123.1940.3314.56.649.242.924.69 13.300.19 4.93 10.09 15.69 57.65 89.87−58.12‰ −8.19‰ Ca·Na-HCO3
    12凤城124.1140.5136.88.120.14145.925.630.54 28.367.17 31.71312.71 2.56 75.82 572.64−66.43‰ −9.13‰ Na-SO4
    13汤池124.2640.0735.28.8963.921.44 4.876.66 7.95 46.77 0.1420.34 55.14 179.67−61.24‰ −9.05‰ Na-HCO3·SO4
    14变电124.3340.1116.97.688.370.923.60 72.882.44 8.14142.98 0.74 89.61 284.88−56.81‰ −8.27‰ Ca-SO4·HCO3
    15宽甸125.2340.8015.47.873.690.834.56 41.300.72 1.110.06 58.74 0.41 82.72 152.78−68.16‰ −9.87‰ Ca-HCO3·SO4
      注:“/”为未测数据,“−”为低出检测线数据。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   地下水各组分之间的相关系数

    Table  2   Correlation coefficient of chemical composition of groundwater

    ${{\rm CO}^{2-}_3} $${{\rm HCO}^{-}_3} $FCl${{\rm NO}^{-}_3} $${{\rm SO}^{-2-}_2} $Li+Na+K+Ca2+Mg2+水温pHTDS
    ${{\rm CO}^{2-}_3} $1.00−0.380.47−0.20−0.22−0.26−0.24−0.03−0.19−0.45−0.400.520.58−0.37
    ${{\rm HCO}^{-}_3} $1.000.290.02−0.310.130.780.620.60−0.080.170.230.200.45
    F1.00−0.10−0.420.410.580.790.30−0.55−0.450.910.800.30
    Cl1.000.740.060.030.13−0.020.790.80−0.11−0.350.75
    ${{\rm NO}^{-}_3} $1.00−0.16−0.28−0.26−0.230.730.62−0.37−0.490.36
    ${{\rm SO}^{-2-}_2} $1.000.360.61−0.050.02−0.130.190.300.58
    Li+1.000.770.77−0.23−0.030.400.420.52
    Na+1.000.31−0.31−0.200.610.530.67
    K+1.00−0.140.130.330.180.19
    Ca2+1.000.91−0.54−0.580.50
    Mg2+1.00−0.41−0.540.53
    水温1.000.730.15
    pH1.000.03
    TDS1.00
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   旋转因子载荷矩阵

    Table  3   Matrix of rotated factor loadings

    F1F2F3F4
    Cl0.97 0.010.020.13
    Mg2+0.86 −0.350.19-0.12
    Ca2+0.84 −0.45−0.100.03
    NO3-0.81 −0.20−0.27−0.09
    TDS0.67 0.110.350.64
    水温−0.140.88 0.250.11
    F−0.170.86 0.270.36
    CO32−−0.160.80 −0.37−0.36
    pH−0.360.78 0.140.21
    HCO3−0.02−0.010.89 0.21
    K−0.010.120.89 −0.18
    Li−0.040.240.86 0.35
    SO42−−0.030.070.010.95
    Na0.000.480.480.68
    贡献率26.4424.6622.0616.57
    累计贡献率26.4451.0973.1589.72
     *注:加粗数字表示各公因子所包含的主成分载荷值。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2019-05-16
  • 修回日期:  2019-11-25
  • 网络出版日期:  2020-03-25
  • 刊出日期:  2019-12-31

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