2016年门源<i>M</i><sub>S</sub>6.4地震前兆异常演化特征

苏维刚; 王培玲; 冯丽丽; 马震; 赵玉红

doi:10.11939/jass.20190108

2016年门源M_S6.4地震前兆异常演化特征

中国西宁 810001 青海省地震局

基金项目: 青海省地震科技基金（2019B08）和中国地震局地震科技星火计划专项（XH20062）联合资助

详细信息

通讯作者:
冯丽丽: e-mail：liuwbst@163.com

中图分类号: P315.72
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-18
- 修回日期: 2019-08-07
- 网络出版日期: 2020-04-01
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-31

Evolution characteristics of precursory anomalies before the M_S6.4 Menyuan，Qinghai，earthquake in 2016

Qinghai Earthquake Agency，Xining 810001，China

摘要

摘要:
本文对2016年青海门源M_S6.4地震之前震中周边前兆台站的观测资料进行了回顾性分析，结果显示有15项定点前兆测项震前呈异常，主要集中在距震中300 km的范围内，其中形变类异常最先出现，之后以流体类异常为主，临震阶段以电磁类异常为主。震前前兆异常的演化在时空上具有阶段性和迁移性，震前异常出现时间随震中距的变化划分为三个阶段：α阶段为远源场前兆异常从震中向外围扩散的过程，异常主要出现在震前390—630天；β阶段为前兆异常大范围分布，主要出现在震前100—200天；γ阶段主要为近源场异常向外扩散。
- 门源M_S6.4地震 /
- 前兆异常 /
- 时空演化 /
- 三阶段
Abstract:
By retrospectively analyzing and sorting out the anomalies before the 2016 Menyuan M_S6.4 earthquake, this paper discusses the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of precursory anomalies before the earthquake. The results show that the anomalies are mainly concentrated in the region within 300 km around the epicenter. Among all kinds of the anomalies, deformation anomalies appeared first, followed by medium- and short-term fluid anomalies, and electromagnetic anomalies in the impending earthquake stage. The evolution of precursory anomalies appears as stage and migration characteristics in space-time. The variation of pre-earthquake anomalies can be divided into α, β, γ three stages. During the α stage, the precursory anomalies spread from the epicenter to the periphery in the far source field mainly 390−630 days before earthquakes. During the β stage, the precursory anomalies are widely distributed in 100−200 days before earthquakes. During the γ stage, the precursory anomalies of the near-field source spread outwards.
- Menyuan M_S6.4 /
- precursory anomalies /
- spatio-temporal evolution /
- three stages

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图 1 门源台周边断裂分布

Figure 1. Fault distribution around Menyuan station

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图 2 门源M_S6.4震中附近地区观测台站及前兆异常分布图

Figure 2. Distribution of monitoring stations and precursory anomalies before the Menyuan M_S6.4 earthquake

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图 3 门源地震前前兆异常时间进程

Figure 3. The time process of precursory anomalies before the Menyuan earthquake

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图 4 门源地震前异常时间随震中距的阶段变化

Figure 4. Stage variation of anomaly time with epicentral distance before the Menyuan earthquake

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图 5 玉树（a）和岷嶂（b）地震前异常出现时间随震中距的阶段变化

Figure 5. Stage-variation of anomaly time with epicentral distance before Yushu （a） and Minzhang （b） earthquakes

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表 1 门源M_S6.4地震前兆异常分布

Table 1 Distribution of precursory anomalies of the Menyuan M_S6.4 earthquake

震中距/km	异常项	异常台站所占比例
100	2	20%
100—200	3	29%
200—300	3	20%
＞300	7	20%

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表 2 门源M_S6.4地震前兆异常统计

Table 2 Statistics on precursory anomalies of the Menyuan M_S6.4 earthquake

序号	异常项目	台站	异常出现日期　年-月-日	异常结束日期　年-月-日	异常判据	震中距 /km	震例
1	水平摆倾斜	门源	2015-08-18	2015-08-27	转折变化	31	乌兰M_S5.1，祁连M_S5.2，门源M_S6.4
2	垂直摆倾斜	门源	2015-08-18	2015-08-27	转折变化	31	乌兰M_S5.1，祁连M_S5.2，门源M_S6.4
3	静水位	平安	2015-09-01	2016-01-01	年变异常变化	140	门源M_S6.4
4	钻孔倾斜	湟源	2015-11-01	2016-02-01	持续北倾	130	门源M_S6.4
5	气氡	乐都	2015-12-01	2016-03-01	年变异常变化	140	门源M_S6.4
6	钻孔倾斜	寺滩	2016-01-17	2016-01-24	加速北倾	203	门源M_S6.4
7	洞体应变	白银	2015-01-01	2015-10-01	年变异常变化	250	玉树M_S7.1，门源M_S6.4
8	短基线伸缩仪NS分量	兰州十里店	2014-05-01	2016-01-01	趋势转折	258	门源M_S6.4
9	水温	海原	2015-08-01	2015-11-01	转折上升	350	汶川M_S8.0，阿拉善M_S5.8，门源M_S6.4
10	气氡	嘉峪关	2015-09-01	未结束	高值变化	392	玉门M_S5.9，民乐M_S6.0，海西M_S6.3，海西M_S6.4，门源M_S6.4
11	钻孔应变	格尔木	2015-01-01	2016-02-01	年变异常变化	640	海西M_S6.4，玉树M_S7.1，门源M_S6.4
12	水平摆倾	格尔木	2015-01-01	2016-02-01	趋势性转折	640	海西M_S6.3，海西M_S6.4，玉树M_S7.1，门源M_S6.4
13	深井地电	天水	2016-01-05	2016-01-21	加速上升	522	芦山M_S7.0，岷嶂M_S6.6，门源M_S6.4
14	地磁		2015-12-23	2015-12-23	超阈值		岷嶂M_S6.6，门源M_S6.4，阿拉善M_S5.0，九寨沟M_S7.0
15	水温	玉树	2015-10-07	2015-11-17	“V”形变化	756	尼泊尔M_S8.0，玉树M_S7.1，门源M_S6.4，杂多M_S6.2

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