Abstract: In order to investigate the correlation between earthquake field and thermal anomalies in seismically active areas, this paper selects the main earthquakes that occurred in Xinjiang from 2014 to 2018 as the research object, and uses the MODIS land surface temperature data to extract thermal anomalies by the robust satellite techniques. The screening method analysis shows that 84 thermal anomalies were extracted in the studied area, 39 earthquakes occurred during the thermal anomaly window period, accounting for 46.43%. The corresponding relationship between the earthquakes and thermal anomalies in the studied area is shown as that the proportion of earthquakes detected by thermal anomalies gradually increases with the magni-tude of the earthquake increasing. When the M_S≥5.8, the earthquakes in the studied area are related to thermal anomalies. When the magnitude of the earthquakes is the same, the earthquakes to the north of the central line of the Tarim basin and the correlation of thermal anomalies is higher than those to the south. Through the analysis of Molchan’s error chart, it is found that the detection effect with the magnitude of M_S5.0 corresponding to the early warning distance as a threshold is better.