The identification of a seismo-ionospheric phenomenon based on Swarm satellite data
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摘要: 为进一步探索基于多颗卫星观测数据的地震电离层现象识别，利用Swarm星座三颗卫星观测的电子密度数据和磁场数据，对已报道的2017年11月12日伊朗MW7.3地震震前第9天震中附近的一次地震电离层扰动现象进行辨识。通过分析三颗卫星相邻轨道的电离层扰动特征，获得了异常扰动存在的空间范围；利用Swarm星座三颗卫星轨道的时间和空间差异，计算出异常扰动在空间中可能的传播特征；使用同步观测的磁场数据判断其电磁辐射特性。最终根据现有对地震电离层耦合的认知，并结合分析的结果，认为该扰动为非震源发出的声重波扰动，非沿纬向传播的电离层行波扰动，非同步电磁辐射引发扰动，而是与伊朗MW7.3地震孕育活动无关的一次高纬度强烈电离层活动所引起的扰动变化。Abstract: In order to explore the identification of the seismo-ionospheric phenomena based on the data from several satellites, the electron density data and magnetic field data observed by three satellites in the Swarm constellation were used to analyse the ionospheric disturbances 9 days before the Iran MW7.3 earthquake occurred on November 12, 2017. The spatial range of the abnormal disturbance was judged by analysis of the adjacent orbits data. The possible spatial propagation characteristics of the disturbances were calculated through the time and space difference of three satellites orbits of Swarm constellation. The electromagnetic radiation characteristics are determined by using synchronous magnetic field observation data. Finally, according to the current knowledge of seismo-ionospheric coupling and combining with the analysis results, we can come to this conclusion that the ionospheric disturbance was neither acoustic gravity wave （AGW） caused by seismic activity, nor the traveling ionospheric disturbance （TID） of the ionosphere, nor the disturbance caused by electromagnetic radiation, but a disturbance caused by strong high latitude ionospheric activity which is unrelated to the seismic activity.
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Keywords:
- seismo-ionospheric phenomena /
- ionospheric disturbance /
- earthquake /
- Swarm satellite
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图 1 Swarm星座三颗卫星地方时t与世界时（年份）的对应关系
Figure 1. The correspondence between local time t and universal time （year） of the three satellites in Swarm constellation
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图 2 伊朗地震震前第9天三颗卫星的轨道及观测数据随纬度的变化
图中不同颜色表示不同卫星轨道或数据，红色为Swarm A星，绿色为Swarm B星，蓝色为Swarm C星，黑色竖虚线为震中所对应的纬度，下同（a） 三颗卫星震区轨道的空间分布；（b） 经过震区的三颗卫星轨道的观测数据；（c，d） 震区升轨道和降轨道观测数据；（e，f） 震区升轨道和降轨道的扰动数据
Figure 2. The orbits position and ionospheric observation data with latitude of the three satellites on the 9th day before the Iran earthquake
The different colors represent the orbits or data of different satellites，the red is Swarm A，the green is Swarm B，the blue is Swarm C. The black vertical dotted line is the latitude corresponding to the epicenter. The same below （a） The orbits spatial distribution of three satellites； （b） The orbital observation data of three satellites passing through the seismic region； （c，d） The observation data respectively refer to the ascending orbit and descending orbit in the seismic region； （e，f） The disturbance data respectively refer to the ascending orbit and descending orbit in the seismic region
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图 3 伊朗地震前后震区内Swarm三颗卫星轨道位置及其观测数据的扰动变化
红色椭圆表示震中附近观测到的扰动。图（a）和 （b）、（c）和 （d）、（e）和 （f）分别为震前第20天、震前第7天和震后第5天震区轨道的空间分布和观测数据的扰动变化
Figure 3. The orbital positions of the three satellites in Swarm constellation and the disturbance changes of their observed data in the quake zone before and after the Iran earthquake
The red ellipses represents the disturbances observed around the epicenter. Figs.（a） and （b），（c） and （d），（e） and （f） arethe orbit position and disturbances respect to the 20th and the 7th day before and the 5th day after the Iran earthquake，respectively
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图 4 震区及其左右相邻区域三颗卫星轨道的空间分布
Figure 4. The orbits spatial distribution of three satellites in the seismic region and its left and right adjacent regions
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图 5 震区（a）及其左（b）、右（c）相邻区域三颗卫星升轨道的扰动数据
红色矩形表示三个相近区域纬度位置的扰动
Figure 5. The ascending orbital disturbance data of three satellites in the seismic region （a） and its left （b） and right （c） adjacent regions
The red rectangle represents the disturbances at similar latitudes in the three regions
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图 6 伊朗地震前后20天内所有扰动的空间分布
红色实线是地磁赤道，红色虚线是地磁纬度±45°，红色圆点是震中位置
Figure 6. The spatial distribution of all disturbances 20 days before and after the Iran earthquake
The solid red line is the geomagnetic equator，the two dotted red lines are the geomagneticlatitude ±45° and the red dot is the epicenter
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图 7 Swarm A和Swarm C卫星观测到的电离层扰动与震中相对位置的空间分布
红色和蓝色圆点分别对应Swarm A和Swarm C星的扰动数值，浅蓝色正方形标记出与两次扰动时间对应的卫星位置
Figure 7. The spatial distribution of the ionospheric disturbances relative to the epicenter observed by satellites Swarm A and Swarm C
The red and blue dots correspond to the disturbance values of Swarm A and Swarm C respectively，and the light blue squares mark the satellite positions corresponding to the two disturbance time
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