Hydraulic response of water level to seismic wave, earth tide and barometric pressure in deep well：A case study of the Fanxian well in Henan Province
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摘要: 以河南范县井为例，利用不同的水力响应模型分析了井水位对地震波、固体潮和气压的响应特征，并基于相关水力响应模型反演估算了含水层的水力参数。结果显示：在高频加载作用过程中，井-含水层系统中的水流模式以水平向为主，而在低频加载作用过程中，则为水平向和垂直向共存的混合模式；利用周期为10—102 s的高频段的地震波响应模型估算的含水层导水系数值较大，为7.20×10−3 m2/s，利用周期为3.75×104 s的低频段的固体潮响应模型估算的含水层导水系数值较小，为2.02×10−6 m2/s，而利用周期为102—104 s的中等频率段的气压响应模型得到的估算值介于二者之间，为3.44×10−5 m2/s。由此分析认为，在周期性加载作用过程中，井-含水层系统内的水流模式与加载频率有关，基于不同水力响应模型反演估算的含水层水力参数存在尺度效应。本研究取得的认识，既可为井水位动态响应的机理解释提供理论基础，也可为目标含水层水力参数的原位测量提供技术支撑。Abstract: The dynamic response of water level in a deep well to periodic loading provides natural experimental data for studying the response mechanism of deep well-aquifer system. Taking the Fanxian well in Henan Province, China, as an example, the hydraulic response characteristics of well water level induced by seismic wave, solid tide and barometric pressure was analyzed by using different hydraulic response models. The hydraulic parameters of the Fanxian well-aquifer were estimated based on the relevant hydraulic response models. The results show that in the process of high-frequency loading, the water flow in the well-aquifer system is mainly horizontal; while in the process of low-frequency loading, it is combined with horizontal and vertical water flow. The transmissivity estimated by the seismic response model with high frequency by period of 10—102 s is 7.20×10−3 m2/s, which is larger than the value 2.02×10−6 m2/s estimated using tidal response model with low frequency of period of 3.75×104 s, and the estimation using barometric response model with the medium frequency of period of 102—104 s is between them, as 3.44×10−5 m2/s. Based on those results, we conclude that the pattern of water flow in the well-aquifer system is related to the frequency of periodic loading, and the scale effect exists while estimating the hydraulic parameters of the aquifer based on different hydraulic response models. The understanding obtained in this study can not only provide theoretical mechanism explanation for dynamic response of well water level, but also provide technical support for in-situ hydraulic parameters measurement in target aquifer.
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Keywords:
- well water level /
- aquifer /
- periodic loadings /
- hydraulic response model /
- Fanxian well
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图 2 2017年9月范县井水位、气压和理论体应变曲线及其相应的频谱图
（a） 原始水位和气压校正水位；（b） 气压；（c） 理论体应变；（d） 水位频谱；（e） 气压频谱；（f） 体应变频谱
Figure 2. The water level，barometric pressure and theoretical volume strain curves of Fanxian well in September 2017 and their corresponding spectra
（a） Original and barometric correction water levels；（b） Barometric pressure；（c） Theoretical volume strain；（d） Spectrum of water level；（e） Spectrum of barometric pressure；（f） Spectrum of volume strain
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图 3 范县井水位对2017年全球MS≥6.0地震的同震响应统计（h表示井水位波动幅度）
Figure 3. Statistics of water level coseismic response in Fanxian well to global MS≥6.0 earthquakes in 2017，where h represents the fluctuation amplitude of well water level
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图 4 2017年9月8日墨西哥MS8.2地震引起的井水位和地表垂向位移波动
（a） 井水位；（b） 垂向位移；（c） 井水位频谱；（d） 垂向位移频谱
Figure 4. Fluctuations of well water level and surface vertical displacement caused by the MS8.2 earthquake in Mexico on September 8，2017
（a） Well water level；（b） Vertical displacement；（c） Spectrum of well water level；（d） Spectrum of vertical displacement
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图 5 2017年9月8日墨西哥MS8.2地震引起的范县井水位和地表垂向位移的功率谱密度（a）和幅度比（b）
Figure 5. Power spectrum density （a） and amplitude ratio （b） of the water level and surface vertical displacement in the Fanxian well caused by the MS8.2 earthquake on September 8，2017 in Mexico
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图 6 范县井水位M2波潮汐响应参数（a）和含水层水力参数估算（b）
Figure 6. Tidal response parameters of M2 wave for water level in the Fanxian well （a） and estimated hydraulic parameters of aquifer （b）
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图 7 范县井水位与气压的响应幅度比（a）和相位差（b）
Figure 7. Amplitude ratio （a） and phase shift （b） of well water level response to barometric pressure in Fanxian well
表 1 利用不同水力响应模型估算的含水层水力参数
Table 1 Hydraulic parameters of aquifer estimated by different hydraulic response models
加载方式 水流模式 周期/s 导水系数/（m2·s−1） 越流系数/s−1 固体潮 水平-垂直混合流 3.75×104 2.02×10−6 3.58×10−7 气压 水平-垂直混合流 102—104 3.44×10−5 7.22×10−13 地震波 单一水平流 10—102 7.20×10−3 — 
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