Research on application of focal mechanism and site conditions in judgment of Hebei earthquake influence field
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摘要: 震后应急工作中地震影响场的判定和快速给出较为合理的地震烈度分布图，是震后应急救援的重要依据，对于政府了解灾情、部署工作以及估算灾害损失都尤为重要，所以本文以此为研究目的，力求震后快速给出准确的地震烈度分布图。本文收集整理了河北地区中强地震的实际等震线图，将其与加入了震源机制解影响参数的烈度衰减关系计算得到的理论等震线图进行对比。结果显示：随着震级的增大，由衰减关系计算得到的等震线图与实际地震等震线图在高烈度区（≥Ⅶ度）相似度更高。另外，根据震后24小时内余震频度的空间变化，对极震区理论等震线修正后，其与实际等震线更加贴合，即理论计算烈度与实际调查烈度值更加接近。最后，对河北地区划分网格，根据地震动衰减关系计算震例对各个网格中心点产生的影响—基岩PGA。提取场地类别属性，考虑场地放大因子，完成基岩PGA到地表PGA的转换。将地表PGA换算成烈度，并与实际地震等震线图进行对比分析。结果表明，考虑了场地放大效应的地震影响场在高烈度区与实际等震线相似度很高，且相似度超过基于震源机制解的烈度衰减关系方法。Abstract: The determination of seismic influence field in post-earthquake work, a quickly gived reasonable map of seismic intensity distribution, was an important basis for emergency rescue after the earthquake and was important for the government to understand the disaster situation, deploy work and estimate the disaster loss. In this paper, the isoseismal maps of moderate strong earthquakes in Hebei Province were collected and sorted out, it was compared with the theoretical isotherm map generated by the regional earthquake intensity attenuation relationship based on the focal mechanism solution. The results show that, with the increase of magnitude, the similarity was higher between the theoretical isoseismal map and the actual isoseismal map in the high intensity area （≥Ⅶ）, the theoretical isoseismal map was calculated by the attenuation relationship of seismic intensity with focal mechanism solution. In addition, according to the spatial variation of aftershock frequency within 24 hours after the earthquake, the theoretical isoseismal line in the polar region is modified, which is more consistent with the actual isoseismal line. That is to say, the theoretical calculated intensity is closer to the actual investigation intensity value. Finally, the grid of Hebei area was divided, and the bedrock PGA of the earthquake case on each grid center point was calculated according to the attenuation relationship of ground motion. Then, the site category attributes were extracted, considered site amplification factor, and the conversion of bedrock PGA to surface PGA was completed. The surface PGA was converted into intensity and compared with the actual earthquake isoseismal map. The results show that the similarity between the seismic influence field calculated by considering the site amplification effect and the actual isoseismal line was very high in the high intensity area, and the similarity is higher than the intensity attenuation relation method based on the focal mechanism solution.
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图 1 M≥6.0地震的理论计算等震线与实际等震线的对比图
Figure 1. Comparison between theoretical calculation isoseismal lines and actual isoseismal lines for M≥6.0 earthquakes
（a） M6.0—6.5；（b） M6.6—7.0；（c） M7.1—7.5；（d） M7.8；（e） M8.0
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图 1 M≥6.0地震的理论计算等震线与实际等震线的对比图
Figure 1. Comparison between theoretical calculation isoseismal lines and actual isoseismal lines for M≥6.0 earthquakes
（a） M6.0—6.5；（b） M6.6—7.0；（c） M7.1—7.5；（d） M7.8；（e） M8.0
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图 2 1976年唐山M7.8地震主震后2小时（a）、6小时（b）、12小时（c）和24小时（d）内余震频度分布图
Figure 2. Distribution of aftershock frequency within 2 hours （a），6 hours （b），12 hours （c） and 24 hours （d） after Tangshan M7.8 earthquake in 1976
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图 3 理论等震线极震区修正前（a）后（b）对比图
Figure 3. Comparison of theoretical isoseismal areas before （a） and after （b） correction
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图 5 1966年宁晋东南M7.6地震（a）和1976年唐山M7.8地震（b）的地震影响场对比图
Figure 5. Comparison of influence fields between the 1966 Ningjin southeast M7.2 earthquake （a） and the 1976 Tangshan M7.8 earthquake （b）
表 1 研究区内选取的震例
Table 1 The selected earthquake cases in the studied area
编号 发震时间
年-月-日震中位置 精度类别 震中烈度 震源深度/km M 震源机制类型 震中参考位置 北纬/° 东经/° 1 1618-11-16 39.80 114.50 2 Ⅷ $6\tfrac{1}{2}$ 正断 河北蔚县附近 2 1624-04-17 39.50 118.80 3 Ⅷ $6\tfrac{1}{2}$ 走滑 河北滦县 3 1628-10-07 40.70 114.20 2 Ⅷ $6\tfrac{1}{2}$ 走滑兼正断 河北怀安西洋河堡 4 1665-04-16 39.90 116.60 2 Ⅷ $6\tfrac{1}{2}$ 逆冲-走滑 北京通县西 5 1679-09-02 40.00 117.00 2 Ⅺ 8.0 走滑 河北三河平谷 6 1720-07-12 40.40 115.50 2 Ⅸ $6\tfrac{3}{4}$ 走滑 河北沙城 7 1730-09-30 40.00 116.20 2 Ⅷ $6\tfrac{1}{2}$ 走滑 北京西北郊 8 1830-06-12 36.40 114.30 2 Ⅹ $7\tfrac{1}{2}$ 走滑 河北磁县 9 1882-12-02 38.10 115.50 2 Ⅷ 6.0 正断 河北深县 10 1945-09-23 39.70 118.70 Ⅷ $6\tfrac{1}{4}$ 走滑 河北滦县 11 1966-03-08 37.35 114.92 Ⅸ+ 6.8 走滑 河北隆尧东 12 1966-03-22 37.50 115.10 2 Ⅹ 9 7.2 走滑 河北宁晋东南 13 1966-03-26 37.68 115.27 1 Ⅶ+ 15 6.2 走滑 河北束鹿南 14 1967-03-27 38.50 116.50 Ⅶ 6.3 走滑 河北河间、大城 15 1976-07-28 39.60 118.20 Ⅺ 22 7.8 走滑 河北唐山 16 1976-07-28 39.90 118.70 Ⅸ 22 7.1 走滑 河北滦县 17 1976-11-15 39.33 117.50 Ⅷ 17 6.9 逆断 天津宁河西 18 1977-05-12 39.20 117.70 1 Ⅶ 19 6.2 走滑 天津汉沽附近 19 1998-01-10 41.12 114.43 Ⅷ 10 6.2 逆断 河北张北 
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表 2 研究区选用的地震烈度衰减系数
Table 2 Seismic intensity attenuation coefficients used in the studied area
发震方式 C1 C2 C3 a0 σ 走滑型 长轴 5.291 0 1.438 0 −4.305 4 25 0.622 4 短轴 3.148 8 1.338 7 −3.272 4 14 0.649 2 全震例 长轴 5.861 9 1.390 2 −4.451 5 25 0.586 2 短轴 2.954 9 1.349 4 −3.106 4 10 0.615 3 注：C1，C2，C3为回归系数，a0表示距离饱和因子，σ表示衰减关系的误差。
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表 3 华北地区地震动衰减关系系数
Table 3 Attenuation coefficients of ground motion in North China
系数与
方差椭圆长轴 椭圆短轴 M＜6.5 M≥6.5 M＜6.5 M≥6.5 A 2.024 3.565 1.204 2.789 B 0.673 0.435 0.664 0.420 C 2.329 2.329 2.016 2.016 D 2.088 2.088 0.944 0.944 E 0.399 0.399 0.447 0.447 σ 0.245 0.245 0.245 0.245
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表 4 适用于中国场地分类的场地放大系数
Table 4 Site magnification factors for site classification in China
场地
类型不同基岩地震动加速度PGA （cm·s−2）下的放大系数 PGA≤100 PGA＝200 PGA＝300 PGA＝400 PGA≥500 Ⅰ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Ⅱ 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 Ⅲ 2.1 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0 Ⅳ 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9
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表 5 烈度与水平向峰值加速度的对应关系
Table 5 Corresponding relationship between intensity and horizontal peak acceleration
烈度 水平向地面峰值加速度/（cm·s−2） Ⅵ 45—89 Ⅶ 90—177 Ⅷ 178—353 Ⅸ 354—707
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