Characteristics of Arias intensity and Newmark displacement of strong ground motion in Lushan earthquake
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摘要: 本文以芦山地震强地面运动记录为基础资料，研究了阿里亚斯强度和Newmark位移两个地震动参数的空间分布特征、衰减特征以及与其它地震动参数的相关性。研究结果表明：阿里亚斯强度的空间分布与地震断层空间展布和地震破裂方向具有相关性；阿里亚斯强度与峰值加速度（PGA）有较好的相关性，场地条件对二者的相关性具有显著影响，PGA相同时，场地越软，阿里亚斯强度越大；震级也是影响阿里亚斯强度与PGA相关性的重要因素，PGA相同时，震级越大，阿里亚斯强度也越大；Newmark位移与PGA和阿里亚斯强度均具有较好的相关性，与阿里亚斯强度的相关性更强，相关系数可达0.94以上。研究还表明，现有模型不能较好地描述芦山地震的阿里亚斯强度和Newmark位移衰减特征，这说明了芦山地震在持时和破裂过程上的特殊性。芦山地震的特殊性揭示了我国西部地震地质构造环境与其它地区有显著差异，因此应该研究适用于我国西部地区地震的地震动参数预测方程。本文的研究结果对我们从更多方面了解地震动特性以及我国地震灾害的预测预防具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。Abstract: The characteristics of spatial distribution, attenuation and correlation of ground motion parameters are important research contents in engineering seismology. In this paper, based on the ground motion records of Lushan earthquake, we study the spatial distribution and attenuation characteristics of Arias intensity and Newmark displacement as well as their correlation with other ground motion parameters, respectively. The results show that the spatial distribution of Arias intensity is related with the spatial distribution of seismic faults and the direction of earthquake rupture. Arias intensity has a good correlation with PGA. Furthermore, the site conditions have a significant effect on the correlation between the two: for the same PGA, the softer the site condition, the greater the Arias intensity. In addition, magnitude is also an important factor affecting the correlation between Arias intensity and PGA: with the same PGA, the greater the magnitude, the greater the Arias intensity. Newmark displacement has a good correlation with both PGA and Arias intensity, among which the correlation with Arias intensity is stronger, and the correlation coefficient can reach above 0.94. The research in this paper also shows that the existing models cannot describe the attenuation characteristics of Arias intensity and Newmark displacement of Lushan earthquake well, which indicates the particularity of Lushan earthquake in both the duration and rupture process. The particularity of Lushan earthquake reveals that the seismic geological and tectonic environment in Western China is significantly different from that in other regions. Therefore, the prediction equations of ground motion parameters suitable for earthquakes in Western China should be studied. The research results of this paper have important scientific significance and application value for us on both understanding the characteristics of ground motion and the prediction and prevention of earthquake disaster in China.
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Keywords:
- Lushan eathquake /
- Arias intensity /
- Newmark displacement /
- PGA
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图 10 B类和C类场地条件下芦山地震阿里亚斯强度IA观测值的衰减特征及其与模型预测值的比较
Figure 10. Comparisons between the attenuation characteristics of observed values of Arias intensity in Lushan earthquake and the predicted values derived from 5 above-mentioned models respectively for sites B and C
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图 1 芦山地震有限断层模型及台站分布图
Figure 1. The finite fault model of Lushan earthquake and the station location
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图 2 基线校正前（a，b，c）和基线校正后（d，e，f）的地震动时程（以051BXZ台站的一条加速度记录为例）
Figure 2. The time history of acceleration of ground motion before （a，b，c） and after （d，e，f） baseline correction （Take an acceleration record at 051AXT station as an example）
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图 3 Newmark滑块模型（引自Newmark，1965）
Figure 3. The Newmark slider model （after Newmark，1965）
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图 4 Newmark位移计算示意图（引自Jibson et al，2000）
（a） 加速度时程；（b） 速度时程；（c） 位移时程
Figure 4. The schematic diagram of calculation of Newmark displacement （after Jibson et al，2000）
（a） Acceleration time history；（b） Velocity time history；（c） Displacement time history
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图 5 芦山地震阿里亚斯强度IA观测值的大小和距离分布图
Figure 5. The magnitude and distance distribution of the Arias intensity observed in Lushan earthquake
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图 6 芦山地震地震动不同方向分量阿里亚斯强度值IA的空间分布
Figure 6. The spatial distribution of Arias intensity values of different direction components for ground motions in Lushan earthquake
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图 7 阿里亚斯强度IA与峰值加速度PGA的相关性
（a） 采用所有观测数据拟合的IA与PGA的关系；（b） 根据B类场地数据拟合的IA与PGA的关系；（c） 根据C类场地数据拟合的IA与PGA的关系；（d） 不同场地条件下的IA与PGA的关系曲线
Figure 7. The correlation of IA with PGA
（a） The correlation between IA and PGA fitted with all the observed data；（b） The correlation between IA and PGA fitted with the data from the B site；（c） The correlation between IA and PGA fitted with the data from the C site；（d） The curves of correlation between IA and PGA under different site conditions
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图 8 根据不同地震数据拟合的阿里亚斯强度IA与峰值加速度PGA关系比较
（a） 采用所有数据；（b） 在C类场地条件下
Figure 8. Comparison of the correlation between IA and PGA fitted by different seismic data
（a） The correlation fitted by all data；（b） The correlation fitted only by the data at site C
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图 9 芦山地震阿里亚斯强度水平分量（a）及竖向分量（b）的衰减特征
Figure 9. Attenuation characteristics of horizontal component （a） and vertical component （b） for Arias intensity in Lushan earthquake
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图 11 芦山地震阿里亚斯强度IA观测值与预测模型加减一倍标准偏差的预测值的比较
Figure 11. Comparison between the observed values of Arias intensity IA in Lushan earthquake and the predicted values derived from prediction models with plus or minus one standard deviation under two site conditions
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图 12 芦山地震阿里亚斯强度衰减均值（红线）及观测值与Travasarou等（2003）、Foulser-Piggott和Stafford （2012）模型及其一倍和两倍地震事件间标准偏差τ模型的比较
Figure 12. Comparison of the mean values (red line) and observed values of attenuation of Arias intensity in Lushan earthquake with Travasarou et al （2003） and Foulser-Piggott and Stafford （2012） models，in which the above two models respectively consider the plus or minus one and double standard deviation τ under two site conditions
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图 13 Newmark位移与PGA的相关性及与Jibson和Michael （2009）模型的比较
Figure 13. Correlation between Newmark displacement and PGA and its comparison with Jibson and Michael （2009） model
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图 14 Newmark位移与阿里亚斯强度IA的相关性及与Hsieh和Lee （2011）模型的比较
Figure 14. Correlation between Newmark displacement and IA and its comparison with Hsieh and Lee （2011） model
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图 15 不同临界加速度下Newmark位移衰减特征及其与Du和Wang （2016）模型预测值的比较
Figure 15. The attenuation characteristics of Newmark displacement under different critical accelerations in Lushan earthquake and their comparison with the predicted values derived from Du and Wang （2016） model
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图 16 不同场地条件下Newmark位移衰减特征及其与Du和Wang （2016）模型预测值的比较
Figure 16. The attenuation characteristics of Newmark displacement and its comparison with the predicted values of Du and Wang （2016） model under different site conditions
表 1 阿里亚斯强度衰减关系式中的系数及方差
Table 1 Coefficients and variances in the Arias intensity attenuation relationship
IA A B C ${\sigma _{\ln I_{\rm{A} } } }$ 水平分量 9.508 −2.682 15.216 0.91 竖向分量 9.011 −2.795 17.188 0.78 
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表 2 本研究中使用的阿里亚斯强度预测模型
Table 2 The prediction models of Arias intensity used in this study
衰减关系 地震事件数 震级范围 距离范围/km 强震记录条数 标准偏差 Travasarou等（2003） 75 M4.7—7.6 0.1—250 1 208 0.871—1.329 Stafford等（2009）模型3 23 M5.1—7.5 0—300 144 1.0190—1.1702 Stafford等（2009）模型4 23 M5.1—7.5 0—300 144 1.0324—1.1821 Lee等（2012） 62 M3.9—7.6 0.3—205 6 570 0.994 Foulser-Piggott和Stafford （2012） 114 M4.79—7.9 0.07—100 2 406 0.893—1.171
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