Characteristics of the dominant azimuth anomalies of geoelectric field at Dawu station before MS7.4 Maduo，Qinghai earthquake in 2021
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摘要: 为了深入了解2021年5月22日青海省玛多MS7.4地震前是否存在地震电信号，本文利用地电场优势方位角方法对大武地电场的原始资料进行了分析，获得了玛多地震前震中附近场地的岩体裂隙结构变化特征，并结合本次地震震中500 km范围内八个地电场台站的岩体裂隙结构变化和该台记录到的以往震例中大武台地电场优势方位角异常变化与中强地震之间的关系进行了综合分析。结果显示：大武台新旧两套地电场数据的地电场优势方位角在震前11个月出现了显著的同步偏转现象，其中大武旧台在震前两个月优势方位角再次出现大幅度上升，异常特征主要表现为优势方位角出现同步快速偏转，最大偏转达到45°—90°；处于同一次级地块的甘孜台、玛曲台与大武台出现准同步异常现象，而其它次级地块上的台站均无异常出现，表明异常响应受到区域构造的影响。再结合大武台地电场使用该方法分析的以往震例表明：大武台的地电场优势方位角异常在中强地震前具有较好的中短期指示意义。Abstract: In order to know whether there were seismic electrical signals before MS7.4 Maduo, Qinghai earthquake on 22 May 2021, this paper analyzed the original data of geoelectric field from Dawu seismic station by using the dominant azimuth method, and the variation characteristics of rockmass fracture structure before the MS7.4 Maduo earthquake were obtained. Furthermore, the rockmass frasture structure characteristics of eight geoelectric stations within 500 km of the earthquake and previous related earthquake cases are comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the geoelectric field dominant azimuths of the two observation sites at Dawu had a significantly synchronous deflection phenomenon eleven months before the earthquake, and the geoelectric field of one site increased sharply again one month before the earthquake. The abnormal characteristics of the site are mainly manifested as the rapid deflection of the jump range of the dominant azimuth, with the maximum deflection reaching 45°−90°. Additionally, the stations Garze and Maqu in the same secondary block showed quasisynchronous changes with the Dawu station, while the stations in other secondary blocks showed no anomalies, indicating that the abnormal responses are affected by regional tectonic settings. And combined with the previous earthquake case analyses, it is deduced that the dominant azimuth anomaly based on the Dawu electric field has good prediction efficiency for the short and medium term earthquake.
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图 1 玛多MS7.4地震震中及附近地电场台站分布
Figure 1. Location of the epicenter of Maduo MS7.4 earthquake and distribution of the geoelectric stations
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图 2 大武地震台（旧）地电场观测布极图
Figure 2. Electrode distribution of electric field （old site） of Dawu seismic station
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图 3 2020年以来大武台地电场旧（a）、新（b）台的地电场优势方位角变化
Figure 3. The variation of the dominant azimuth of geoelectric field at old （a） and new （b） sites of Dawu station since 2020
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图 4 2020年以来甘孜（a）、玛曲台（b）的地电场方位角异常变化
Figure 4. The variation of the dominant azimuth angle based on geoelectric field data at the seismic stations Garze （a） and Maqu （b） since 2020
表 1 玛多MS7.4地震前震中500 km内地电场优势方位角的变化特征
Table 1 Variation characteristic of the dominant azimuth based on geoelectric field before MS7.4 Maduo earthquake within 500 km
地电场台站 震中距/km 异常形态 异常出现日期
年-月-日开始观测日期
年-月-日大武（旧） 170 快速偏转，Δα≈45° 2020-05-10 2014-12-12 大武（新） 169 Δα增大至90° 2020-05-08 2020-01-01 玛曲 335 Δα增大至60° 2020-05-04 2014-03-22 甘孜 360 快速偏转，Δα≈90° 2020-05-15 2017-12-01 都兰 190 无异常 无 2014-12-01 白水河 355 无异常 无 2015-01-01 金银滩 256 无异常 无 2019-06-04 门源地电场 433 无异常 无 2020-01-01 
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表 2 大武台周围500 km范围内MS5.5地震前地电场优势方位角的变化特征
Table 2 Variation characteristic of dominant azimuth based on geoelectric field before MS5.5 earthquakes within 500 km of Dawu station
台站 发震日期
年-月-日发震地点 MS 震中距/km 异常 异常出现月份
年-月备注 大武台 2016-01-21 门源 6.4 380 Δα增大 2015-10 多台同步 2016-10-17 杂多 6.2 500 震前2个月快速偏转恢复 2016-08 附近仅一台 2017-08-08 九寨沟 7.0 360 无 无 无 2019-10-28 夏河 5.7 240 快速偏转 2019-06 多台同步 2020-04-01 石渠县 5.6 200 震前3个月快速偏转恢复 2020-01 多台同步
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