The deep tectonic background of the MS6.9 Menyuan earthquake on January 8，2022 in Qinghai Province
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摘要: 2022年1月8日青海境内的托莱山—冷龙岭断裂附近发生了门源MS6.9地震。结合地壳厚度、速度结构及各向异性等资料探讨了门源地震的深部构造特征，揭示了门源地震的发震位置与地壳结构变化的密切关联。结果显示：门源MS6.9地震发生在地壳厚度和vP/vS值都出现快速空间变化的区域；大约在10—20 km深度范围内，震源位于P波速度从浅到深由高速变低速的垂向过渡区，同时也是S波速度和泊松比分布呈现明显横向变化的过渡区域，震源下方存在明显的低速区；冷龙岭断裂两侧相速度的方位各向异性变化比较明显。1月12日的MS5.2余震震中紧邻2016年MS6.4地震震中，揭示出2022年门源MS6.9地震及其余震活动导致了冷龙岭断裂比较充分的破裂，两次门源地震主震之间及邻区短时间内难以积累更大能量，因而短时间内发生更大地震的可能性不大。青藏高原东北缘的持续向北扩展所导致的地表隆升和地壳增厚是该地区强震频发的主要构造成因。Abstract: On January 8, 2022, the Menyuan MS6.9 earthquake occurred on the Lenglongling fault in Qinghai Province. Combining the data of crustal thickness, velocity structure and anisotropy, we discussed the deep structural characteristics of the Menyuan earthquake, and revealed that the location of the Menyuan earthquake is closely related to the structural variations in the crust. The results show that, Menyuan MS6.9 earthquake occurred in the area where both the crustal thickness and vP/vS ratio showed rapid spatial changes. Roughly in the depth range of 10−20 km, the hypocenter is located in the vertical transition zone from shallow to deep where the P-wave velocity changed from high to low, and also the S-wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio distribution show obvious lateral changes and there is a clear low-velocity zone beneath the hypocenter; the variation of azimuthal anisotropy of phase velocity on both sides of the Lenglongling fault is relatively obvious. The epicenter of the MS5.2 aftershock on January 12 was close to that of the 2016 MS6.4 earthquake, revealing that the Menyuan MS6.9 earthquake and its aftershocks caused a relatively sufficient rupture of the Lenglongling fault. Between the two Menyuan earthquakes and its adjacent areas, it is difficult to accumulate more energy in a short time, so it is unlikely that a larger earthquake will occur in a short time. The continuous northward expansion of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau leads to surface uplifting and crustal thickening, which is the main tectonic cause of frequent strong earthquakes in this region.
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Keywords:
- Menyuan MS6.9 earthquake /
- focal depth /
- velocity structure /
- Poisson’s ratio /
- crustal thickness /
- anisotropy
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图 1 青藏高原东北缘区域构造背景与地震台站分布
Figure 1. Tectonic settings of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and distribution of seismic stations
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图 2 门源MS6.9地震及余震分布
2022年地震序列定位结果引自Fan等（2022），2016年门源地震位置引自梁姗姗等（2017），1986年门源地震位置引自兰州地震研究所青海省地震局联合考察队（1987）。F1：龙首山南缘断裂东段；F2：河西堡—四道山断裂；F3：榆木山东缘断裂；F4：民乐—永昌断裂；F5：肃南—祁连断裂；F6：民乐—大马营断裂；F7：皇城—双塔断裂；F8：托莱山断裂；F9：冷龙岭断裂；F10：金强河断裂；F11：毛毛山断裂；F12：天桥沟—黄羊川断裂；F13：玛雅雪山北缘断裂；F14：大通山北缘断裂；F15：木里—江仓断裂；F16：日月山断裂；F17：门源断裂；F18：达坂山断裂；F19：黑林河断裂
Figure 2. The distribution of Menyuan MS6.9 earthquake and its aftershocks
The location of 2022 seismic sequence is from Fan et al （2022），the location of 2016 Menyuan earthquake is from Liang et al （2017），and the location of 1986 Menyuan earthquake is from Lanzhou Institute of Seismology and Seismological Bureau of Qinghai Province （1987）. F1：Eastern segment of southern Longshoushan fault；F2：Hexipu-Sidaoshan fault；F3：Yumushan eastern marginal fault；F4：Minyue-Yongchang fault； F5：Su’nan-Qilian fault；F6：Minyue-Damaying fault；F7：Huangcheng-Shuangta fault；F8：Tuolaishan fault；F9：Lenglongling fault；F10：Jinqianghe fault；F11：Maomaoshan fault；F12：Tianqiaogou-Huangyangchuan fault；F13：Mayaxueshan northern marginal fault；F14：Datongshan northern marginal fault；F15：Muli-Jiangcang fault；F16：Riyueshan fault； F 17：Menyuan fault；F18：Dabanshan fault；F19：Heilinhe fault
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图 4 门源地区P波速度（a）、S波速度（b）和泊松比（c）
红色星形表示2022年MS6.9门源主震，红色圆点表示其余震，地壳深度标于子图的左下角，下同
Figure 4. P-wave velocity （a），S-wave velocity （b） and Poisson’s ratio （c） in the Menyuan region
The red star represents the 2022 Menyuan MS6.9 earthquake，the red solid circle represents its aftershock，and the crustal depth is labled at the lower-left corner of the subfigure，the same below
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图 5 穿过门源地震震源区的P波速度（a）、S波速度（b）和泊松比（c）的垂向剖面图
剖面方向根据图4白色实线绘制，剖面数据来自肖卓和高原（2017）
Figure 5. Vertical profiles of P-wave velocity （a），S-wave velocity （b） and Poisson’s ratio （c） through the source region of Menyuan earthquake
The section direction is drawn according to the white line in Fig. 4，and the profile data is from Xiao and Gao （2017）
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图 6 穿过门源地震震源区P波速度垂向剖面图
剖面方向根据图1中白色实线绘制，剖面数据来自夏思茹等（2021）
Figure 6. Vertical P-wave velocity profile through the source region of Menyuan earthquake
The section direction is drawn according to the white line in Fig. 1，and the prolife data is from Xia et al （2021）
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