郭钊玥,常利军. 2024. 2015—2017年南极长城站地区地震活动特征. 地震学报,46(0):1−17. DOI: 10.11939/jass.20230055
引用本文: 郭钊玥,常利军. 2024. 2015—2017年南极长城站地区地震活动特征. 地震学报,46(0):1−17. DOI: 10.11939/jass.20230055
Guo Z Y,Chang L J. 2024. Seismicity of the Antarctic Great Wall Station Area in 2015−2017. Acta Seismologica Sinica46(0):1−17. DOI: 10.11939/jass.20230055
Citation: Guo Z Y,Chang L J. 2024. Seismicity of the Antarctic Great Wall Station Area in 2015−2017. Acta Seismologica Sinica46(0):1−17. DOI: 10.11939/jass.20230055

2015—2017年南极长城站地区地震活动特征

Seismicity of the Antarctic Great Wall Station Area in 2015−2017

  • 摘要: 中国南极长城站所在的南设得兰群岛及其周边地区位于南极板块、南美板块、斯科舍板块和菲尼克斯板块的交会处,受到俯冲、裂谷、岩浆和火山等构造活动影响,研究该区域的地震活动特征对于认识板块构造相关的孕震机制和动力演化机制具有重要意义。本文基于交错网格搜索的单台定位方法对长城站地震台2015—2017年期间记录的宽频带三分量波形数据进行了单台地震定位研究,定位了112个高信噪比的近震,获得了此期间南设得兰群岛及其周边地区的地震分布图。结果显示,地震主要沿NE向展布于南设得兰群岛及邻区,最大震级为ML4.8,最小震级为ML1.3,震源深度范围为2—134 km。相对于稳定的南极大陆内部,长城站地区的地震活动性较强,在靠近南设得兰海沟的弧前区域和布兰斯菲尔德海峡弧后区域发现了可能与俯冲和岩浆活动有关的地震事件,弧前中源深度的地震事件说明该区域可能存在俯冲作用,这直接给出了菲尼克斯板块的俯冲活动仍在继续的地震学证据。

     

    Abstract:
    The South Shetland Islands are located at the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula in the West Antarctica. The region is subject to the direct or indirect influence from the Pacific Plate, the Antarctic Plate, the South American Plate, the Scotia Plate and the Phoenix Plate, which has resulted in significant tectonic activity, including subduction, rifting and volcanic magmatism. The global seismic catalog shows that this region exhibits a higher level of seismicity in comparison to the stable Antarctic continent interior. The extreme climatic conditions of the Antarctic continent present significant challenges to seismic observation, and the level of seismological research conducted on the continent is limited. The distribution of seismic stations in the South Shetland Islands region is relatively sparse, which limits the seismic monitoring capacity of the region and consequently affects our understanding of the seismicity in the region. The China Antarctic Great Wall Station Seismic Station (CCZ) is located on King George Island in the South Shetland Islands. Following the reconstruction and resumption of observation in 2010, the quality of seismic observation has been markedly enhanced, thereby considerably improving the monitoring capability of small earthquakes in the Great Wall Station area and providing data support for a comprehensive understanding of the seismicity in the South Shetland Islands region.
    We used the single station location method of interlaced grid search to obtain seismic catalog based on the broadband three-component waveform data recorded at CCZ during 2015−2017. Firstly, the P wave and S wave arrivals of the local seismic event is identified through visual analysis, and the event with clear Pg and Sg waves is selected for amplitude measurements. The arrival time difference, incidence angle and back azimuth of the event can be calculated. The interlaced grid search method initially establishes a set of grids for searching and location, and searches for three elements of arrival time difference, incidence angle, and back azimuth, respectively. Then subsequently spatially translates the grids to obtain the location results of searching different grids. Finally, it evaluates the location results by calculating the standard deviation of the results obtained by the same set of data in the search of different grids. This method effectively overcomes the limitations of single set grid searching and location by a spatial intersection of multiple sets of grids. It has the potential to enhance the spatial sampling rate of earthquake location while simultaneously ensuring the reliability and precision of the outcomes through the integration of multiple grid systems in space.
    In this study, 1 452 local seismic events were identified, and 112 events with high signal-to-noise ratios were localized, of which 87% of the events have an epicentral distance standard deviation and a depth standard deviation smaller than the grid division size of 1.0 km, indicating that the differences of grid models have less influence on the results in the location method of interlaced grid search, and the location results are stable and reliable. In this study, the seismic catalog of CCZ and the events distribution of South Shetland Islands and its surrounding areas are obtained. During this period, the comparison between the CCZ catalog and the ANSS catalog in terms of magnitude, focal depth, and the number of localized events suggests that CCZ effectively improves the seismic monitoring capability of the area, and that the use of direct P wave initial amplitude for calculating the angle of incidence better constrains the local seismic event’s focal depth. The distribution of events shows that the events mainly spread along the NE direction in the South Shetland Islands region, with the maximum magnitude of ML4.8, the minimum magnitude of ML1.3, and the focal depth ranging from 2 to 134 km. The seismicity in the Antarctic Great Wall Station area is stronger than that of the stable interior of the Antarctic continent. The spreading of the Bransfield Strait was accompanied by extensive volcanism, and this study identifies clusters of earthquakes on Deception Island and its eastern flanks, as well as in the southern part of Greenwich Island, that may be related to the volcanic magmatism caused by subduction. Eleven events with focal depths exceeding 100 km, which have occurred beneath the lithosphere, were detected in the forearc region close to the South Shetland Trench. The locations of these events suggest that the subduction may have occurred in this region, which provides direct seismological evidence that the subduction of the Phoenix Plate is still continuing.

     

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