410-km和660-km间断面对太平洋板块向长白山火山区下俯冲过程和板片结构的影响

Effects of 410- and 660-km seismic discontinuities on the subduction of Pacific Plate and slab geometry beneath the Changbaishan volcanic province

  • 摘要: 长白山火山的形成机制被认为主要与太平洋板块俯冲有关,因此探究它们需重建新生代以来太平洋板块向长白山火山区下俯冲的动力学过程。这需考虑上地幔中410-km和660-km间断面的克拉伯龙斜率和厚度的影响。然而它们的分布范围较广,在重建时如何合理地选择这些参数是亟待解决的问题。因此,本文的主要目的是通过模拟研究410-km和660-km的克拉伯龙斜率和厚度的影响,最终为合理重建新生代以来太平洋板块向长白山火山区下俯冲的动力学过程和结构的地球动力学模型参数选择提供参考。本文建立了具有一系列不同克拉伯龙斜率和厚度的410-km和660-km间断面的伴随数据同化的三维地球动力学模型,开展了数值模拟研究工作。结果表明,所有地球动力学模型预测的新生代以来的太平洋板块俯冲的动力学过程、行为和俯冲板片在地幔中的一级近似结构是相似的;当660-km间断面的克拉伯龙斜率(g660)的绝对值< 4 MPa/K时,较小的410-km间断面的克拉伯龙斜率(g410)可以明显地促进俯冲板片在地幔内的水平西向移动,而较大的g410则有利于俯冲板片下沉,但下沉深度差异较小。当|g660| ³ 4 MPa/K时,g410的影响明显减弱,可以忽略不计;g660对太平洋板片在地幔中水平西向移动的距离和下沉深度均具有显著的影响。随着|g660|增大,太平洋板片在地幔中下沉的深度显著而单调地变浅,但其水平西向移动距离则先显著增大而后减小。当|g660| ³ 4 MPa/K时,太平洋板片的主体部分才位于地幔转换带内;两个间断面的厚度对太平洋俯冲板片俯冲的动力学过程和结构影响甚微。

     

    Abstract: The origin of the Changbaishan volcanic province (CBSVP) has been considered to mainly relate to the Pacific plate subduction. Therefore, it is necessary to dynamically reconstruct the Pacific plate subduction process towards and beneath the CBSVP since the Cenozoic in order to investigate its origin. This reconstruction requires consideration of the effects of Clapeyron slopes and the thicknesses of the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities in the upper mantle. However, due to their wide distribution ranges, it remains an urgent issue to determine how to select them reasonably in the reconstruction. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to provide a reference for the selection of geodynamic model parameters for the reasonable reconstruction of the dynamics and structure of the subduction of the Pacific plate towards and under the CBSVP since the Cenozoic based on the modeling on the effects of the 410-km and 660-km Clapeyron slopes and thicknesses. In this study, we set up a series of data-assimilation three-dimensional geodynamic models with varying thicknesses and Clapeyron slopes of the discontinuities and carry out numerical modeling. The results indicate that all models predict similar slab dynamics and geometries, to the first order, during the subduction of the Pacific plate towards and beneath the CBSVP since Cenozoic; when the absolute value of the Clapeyron slope for the 660-km discontinuity (g660) is smaller than 4 MPa/K, small g410 helps the Pacific slab to migrate westward in the mantle while large g410 is useful for the sinking of slab. If |g660| ³4 MPa/K, the effects of g410 becomes very weak and could be negligible; g660 has significant effects on the westward movement and sinking of the Pacific slab. As |g660| gets larger, the sinking depth of the Pacific slab becomes monotonously shallower, while the amount of westward movement first increases and then decreases. The main part of the Pacific slab is located in the mantle transition zone only if |g660| ³4 MPa/K; the thicknesses of both discontinuities have minor effects on the dynamic subduction process and structure of the Pacific slab.

     

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