计算结构竖向地震力的某些参数
ON COMPUTATIONS FOR CERTAIN PARAMETERS OF VERTICAL EARTHQUAKE FORCE ON ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
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摘要: 地震对结构的破坏,传统观点认为水平地震力起着决定性作用,但我们分析很多种类型结构的大量震害后,却得出竖向地震力起主要作用的结论.我国多次地震的调查报告中都曾列举过直观上能看出竖向地震力起主要作用的很多震害.最近几年国内外的一些学者也发现了这一问题.有些国家的规范对竖向地震力作了大幅度的提高.因此,竖向地震力到底有多大的问题,已引起了地震工程学界的广泛注意.根据强震记录进行计算,技术问题已基本得到解决.但在强地震作用下结构真正的阻尼、力学性能,特别是地基的复杂影响都远远没有搞清,所以,计算结果可靠性有多大,还无法回答.本文分析了国内多次地震地面上多种物体的现象表明,它们的竖向加速度及结构的竖向地震力,远远高于传统观点.根据它来解释各种震害是令人满意的.所以,按反算办法,对计算竖向地震力的某些参数提出初步建议.Abstract: Horizontal earthquake force is traditionally regarded as a decisive part in destruction of engineering structures during earthquakes. Having analyzed a wide variety of damages to many kinds of structures, we come to the conclusion that it is the vertical earthquake force which plays the decisive role in the destruction of structures during earthquakes. Through investigation of earthquake damages in China, this fact can be directly perceptible. In recent years, many authors of various countries, have also noticed this question so that the effects of the vertical force in their respective building codes are greatly increased. Therefore, the problem on the magnitudes of the vertical earthquake force has come to be widely discussed among earthquake engineering circles.Now the problem of computational technique in structural analysis using accelerograms has been generally solved. However, the real damping and the mechanical behavior of the structures during earthquakes, especially the complicated effect of the foundation are far from being clarified. So, it is impossible to estimate the reliability of the analysis.In this paper, phenomena of various ground objects during earthquakes have been studied. The vertical earthquake force on those objects are found to be much greater than those from traditional views. Explanations of various structural damages based on this new view are quite satisfactory. Therefore, a method of inversion for calculating certain parameters of the vertical earthquake force is here suggested.
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[21] 朱伯龙等,工程结构抗震设计原理,上海科学技术出版社,1982.[1] 王仁,地震预报中提出的一些力学问题,力学,3, 1977 .
[2] 钱培风等,烟囱在地震作用下的纵波应力,力学学报,2, 1975.
[3] 钱培风,论竖向地震力,建筑结构,3, 1979.
[4] 钱培风,砖支承水塔的震害与竖向地震力,建筑结构,3, 1980.
[5] 钱培风等,钢筋混凝土烟囱的地震力与震害,云南建设,1, 1982.
[6] 钱培风等,带水塔烟囱的震害分析,建筑结构,1, 1982.
[7] 钱培风等,论烟囱的地震力,地震学报,4, 3,1982.
[8] 钱培风,砖房的竖向地震力及其抗震措施,地震研究,4, 4, 1951.
[9] 钱达,对简支粱桥抗震的一些看法,力学与实践,3,1950.
[10] 唐山地震震害初步总结,地震出版社,1977.
[11] 海城地震震害,地震出版社,1979.
[12] E. Rosenblueth, Efectos del componente sismico vertical en edifictos altos, Ingrnieria Sismica, 18, 1977.
[13] 国外地震工程答读者问,1, 1980.
[14] A. loring, Jr. Wyllie, D. Chris Poland, A documented vetlical acceleration falure, Proceeding of the 2nd U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 1919.
[15] 唐山地震抗震调查总结资料选编,中国建筑工业出版社,1977.
[16] A. Bolt Bruce, R. A. Hansen(卢荣俭译,袁一凡校),地震时物体的抛掷,国外地震工程,2, 1980.
[17] C. James Anderson and V. Berlero Vitelmo, Effects of gravity load and Vertical ground acceleration on the Seismic response of multistory frames, Proc. 5th World Conf. on Earthg. Engin., 1973.
[18] 钱培风等,唐山地震新风井塔的竖向地震力,地震工程动态,4, 1980.
[19] How much is too much when the earthquake, Scirncr, 209, 29 August 1980.
[20] 钱培风等,砖柱单层厂房的震害与竖向地震力,建筑结构,6, 1981.
[21] 朱伯龙等,工程结构抗震设计原理,上海科学技术出版社,1982.
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