唐山地震区地壳电性结构及 MT 探索潜在震源的可能性
CONDUCTIVITY STRUCTURE OF CRUST IN THE TANGSHAN SEISMIC AREA AND THE POSSIBILITY OF EXPLORING POTENTIAL SEISMIC SOURCES BY MAGNETOTELLURIC METHOD
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摘要: 在唐山地震区及其外围用数字大地电磁测深仪测量结果表明,在低电阻沉积表层下,地壳分为两层:高电阻的上地壳及低电阻的下地壳.高阻上地壳在地震区呈透镜状,其东、南、西三面为断层所切唐山主震及其绝大多数余震即发生在这高阻上地壳内.而低阻下地壳内余震则甚少,主震位于高阻上地壳底面 C 向下凸出的部位.居里等温面深度变化及余震深度下限的起伏与界面 C 的下凸相吻合.因此,无论从竖向分层还是从横向非均匀性上看,唐山主震及其大多数余震都与高阻上地壳密切相关.岩石力学性质从上地壳的脆性变为下地壳的延性,主要由于围压的增加、矿物的变化、温度的升高及孔隙压力的适当分布等因素联合作用的结果.考虑到岩石电性主要受岩石中的温度和自由水含量的控制,少量水的存在及温度的升高可使岩石电阻率明显降低,而岩石电性对所受静压力、矿物成分等因素的变化则不甚敏感,故推论无论从竖向分层,或从横向非均匀性上看,地壳中介质的高电阻与其脆性,低电阻与介质的延性,在成因上是有联系的,从而显示出地壳电性结构与潜在震源危险带之间可能有内在联系.Abstract: It is shown by the result of digital magnetotelluric soundings in the Tangshan seismic area and its surrounding regions that the crust under the surface conductive sediments is divided into two layers, i. e., the resistive upper crust and the conductive lower crust. The upper crust wherein the Tangshan main shock and most of the aftershocks occurred is a convex lens- like body which is cut by faults at the east, south and west sides. The focus of the main shock was located at the position of the downward depression of the resistive upper crust while the spatial variation of Curie point isothermal surface and the deepest limit of the depths of aftershocks coincide with the downward depression of the bottom of the resistive upper crust. Thus, the Tangshan main shock and most of its aftershocks were related closely to the resistive upper crust from the view points of either vertical layering or lateral variations. And there were only a very few aftershocks in the conductive lower crust. The mechanical property of the rocks transforms from being brittle in the upper crust into ductile in the lower crust mainly due to the combination of different factors, e.g., increase of confining pressure, change in minerals, rise in temperature as well as existence of pore- pressure. A small amount of water and a rise in temperature may lead to noticeable falling of the electric resistivity within the rock while a change in the static pressure and mineral content within the rock causes very little change in the electric resistivity. Thus it is deduced that a resistive upper crust and a more conductive lower crust from the view points of either vertical or lateral variations are related genetically to the brittle and ductile properties respectively. Hence it is possible that there is a relationship between the electric structure of the crust and zones of potential seismic hazard.