前兆性地声的衰减特性及生物效应的研究
A STUDY ON THE ATTENUATION CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTHQUAKE PREMONITORY GEO-SOUND AND ITS BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
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摘要: 本文对八个前兆性地声信号在沙层中的衰减特性,及其对鼠脑中5-羟色胺(5-HT)代谢的影响,进行了测量分析。主要结果如下: 1.八个地声信号在沙层中的衰减特性的图象基本相似,其基本特征相同的具有明显的一致性。50——100Hz和250——630Hz内的衰减与频率明显有关,100——250Hz的优势频段内的衰减比较平缓,该频段内20——30cm沙层的吸收系数为410-2——610-2dB/cm。 2.地声信号透入30cm沙层内的洞穴中,洞内声压级的相对衰减率与同深度沙层内相比较,呈现一定的下降现象,并与地声信号的基本特性有关。在优势频段内,单次性轰隆声、连续性炒豆声等和刮风声分别下降4.40.8％、3.50.3％和3.00.2％,连续性小鼓声的下降不明显。 3.静适应48小时的小白鼠,同时分别在105——85dB和76——66dB的地声信号的随机组合声中暴露30分钟,其脑内5-HT的代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)的含量分别比对照组增高24.7％和26.2％. 这些结果表明,前兆性地声波透入地表的频谱特征与介质的吸收特性有关。此时透入洞穴内的地声波,其优势频段虽然明显低于鼠的听觉敏感区,但对鼠是一种极不适应的低频噪声刺激,可直接影响到脑内5-HT的代谢过程。同时,洞穴可增强动物对噪声背景上的声信号识别。可见,前兆性地声波有可能是引起鼠等穴居动物Abstract: In this paper the attenuation characteristics of 8 recorded premonitory geo-sound signals of earthquakes in sand layer is measured, and the effect on the metabolic process of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brains of mice is analysyed. The results are as follow:1.The forms of the attenuation characteristics of 8 geo-sound signals in sand layer are basically similar, showing that geo-sound signals have almost the same fundamental characteristics. The attenuation is obviously related to frequency within the frequency bands of 50-100 Hz and 250-630 Hz, but attenuation is relatively uniform in the dominant band of 100-250 Hz, that is, the absorption coefficient of a sand layer with a thickness of 20-30 cm is about 410-2- 610-2 dB/cm within this band.2.The relative attenuate rate of intensity level of geo-sound signals transmitted into a hole through a sand layer 30 cm thick shows some decrease as compared with attenuatim in sand of the same depth, and it is related to the fundamental characteristics of the geo-sound signal. Within the dominant band, single tumbling sound, continual sound of roasting beans and so on, and blast sound drop 4.40.8=, 3.50.3% and 3.00.2% respectively, but the drop in intensity of coninuous sound of snare drums is not obvious.3. Two groups of mice quiet adaptation of 48 hours are exposed for 30 minutes to random geo-sound signal noise of 105-85 dB and of 76-66 dB respectively. It was found that the accumulative volume of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetie acid (5-HIAA), that is, the metabolite of 5-HT in the centre of both groups increases respectively 24.7% and 262.2% as compared with animals of the contsrol group.These results show that the spectrum characteristics of geo-sound with premonitory property transmitted into the ground is related to the absorption characteristics of the ground medium, and it is the stimulation by low frequency noise that makes the animals feel very uneasy. Though the dominant band of geo-sound transmitted into hole is obviously lower than the sensitivie band of hearing of mice. It may directly effect the metabolic process of 5-HT in the brains of mice. Moreover, acoustic effect of the hole may raise the ability of animals to distinguish sound signals above the noise background. It may be seen that geo-sound with premonitory property may be an important factor which causes the abnormal behavior of animals living in holes, eg. mice, prior to the occurrence of earthquakes.
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[2] Tian Shixiu and Wu Fukun, Observations and studies of geosound prior to earthquakes in the Tangsh an——Ninghe region, ISCSEP, 480——493, Seismological Tres.s, Beijing, China, 1984.
[3] Armstrong, B. H. Acoustic emission prior to rockbursts and earthquakes, B. S.S.A., 59, 3, 1259——1279,1969.
[4] 蒋锦昌、刘向群,震前地声与动物异常关系的研究,地震学报,3,1, 429——439,1981,
[5] 蒋锦昌、孙巍、孙立愕等。岩石样品加压过程中家鼠行为反应的观察研究,科学探索学报,3, 3,31——44, 1983,
[6] Tributsch, H., Do aerosol anomalies precede earthquakes? Natzzre, 276, 606, 1978.
[7] 鲍尔著,王铮等译,化学用数据统计手册,9——11,化学工业出版社,1983,
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[9] 马大酞、沈嚎编著,声学手册,474,科学出版社,1983,
[10] 孙成栋编著,岩石声学测试,33,地质出版社,1981,
[11] 韩济生等编著,中枢神经介质概论(第二版),科学出版社,1980.
[12] Holst.V., et al. Vom Wirkungsgefuge der Triebe, Nsturwiss, 47, 109——422, 1960.
[13] 沈壕、陈定楚、郑素贤,强声场中豚鼠的死亡曲线,声学学报,8, 1,p 61,1983,
[14] Broner, N., The effects of low frequency noise on people A review, Journal of Sound and Vibralion, 58, 4, 483——500, 1978.[1] 中国科学院生物物理研究所地声组,余震期间的地声观测研究,地震科学研究,第一辑,29——32,1980,
[2] Tian Shixiu and Wu Fukun, Observations and studies of geosound prior to earthquakes in the Tangsh an——Ninghe region, ISCSEP, 480——493, Seismological Tres.s, Beijing, China, 1984.
[3] Armstrong, B. H. Acoustic emission prior to rockbursts and earthquakes, B. S.S.A., 59, 3, 1259——1279,1969.
[4] 蒋锦昌、刘向群,震前地声与动物异常关系的研究,地震学报,3,1, 429——439,1981,
[5] 蒋锦昌、孙巍、孙立愕等。岩石样品加压过程中家鼠行为反应的观察研究,科学探索学报,3, 3,31——44, 1983,
[6] Tributsch, H., Do aerosol anomalies precede earthquakes? Natzzre, 276, 606, 1978.
[7] 鲍尔著,王铮等译,化学用数据统计手册,9——11,化学工业出版社,1983,
[8] 傅淑芳、刘宝诚、李文艺编,地震学教程(上册),236,地震出版社,1980,
[9] 马大酞、沈嚎编著,声学手册,474,科学出版社,1983,
[10] 孙成栋编著,岩石声学测试,33,地质出版社,1981,
[11] 韩济生等编著,中枢神经介质概论(第二版),科学出版社,1980.
[12] Holst.V., et al. Vom Wirkungsgefuge der Triebe, Nsturwiss, 47, 109——422, 1960.
[13] 沈壕、陈定楚、郑素贤,强声场中豚鼠的死亡曲线,声学学报,8, 1,p 61,1983,
[14] Broner, N., The effects of low frequency noise on people A review, Journal of Sound and Vibralion, 58, 4, 483——500, 1978.
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