断裂带内介质的软化特性和地震的非稳定模型
THE SOFTENING BEHAVIOUR OF FAULT ZONE MEDIUM AND AN INSTABILITY MODEL OF EARTHQUAKES
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摘要: 本文将地震过程看作是一个包含断裂带和围岩的力学系统在外界扰动下的一种失稳现象,用变形体力学方法给出了断层带介质软化的本构方程和地震非稳定模型的一般的数学表述.借助于均匀场的非稳定模型,本文讨论了弹性回跳概念,导出了地震效率公式和论证了能量形式失稳准则的普遍性,并指出了在刚性试验机上研究声发射现象的重要意义.本文还介绍了用于研究非均匀场的地震非稳定性的有限单元法的通用程序以及唐山地震的算例.Abstract: In this paper, the earthquake process is taken as an unstable phenomenon of a mechanical system which consists of fault zone and elastic surrounding subjected to external disturbance. Based on the mechanics of continuum, a general mathematical description of a work-softening constitution law for the fault zone medium and an instability model of earthquakes are given. Vsing an instability model in an uniform field, we have discussed the concept of elastic rebound, derived a formula of earthquake efficiency, demonstrated the generality of the instability criterion in energy form and indicated the importance of acoustic emission investigation in a stiff testing machine. Finally, a general F. B. M. program for the study of earthquake instability in a generally non-uniform field is presented and an analysis of the 1976. Tangshan earthquake is used as an example.
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[2] W. D. Stuart, Strain softening instability model for the San Fernando earthquake,Science, 203, 4383,907——910, 1979,
[3] 北京大学地质系编,地质力学教程,163页,地质出版社,1978,
[4] W. Prager, Nan——isothermal Platic deformation, K. Nederl. Ak. Wetensch., Proc., 61, 176——192,1958.
[5] 王仁、殷有泉,工程岩石类介质的弹塑性本构关系,力学学报,4,317——325, 1981,
[6] 殷有泉、张宏,模拟地震的应变软化的数学模型,地球物理学报,25, 5, 414——423, 1982,
[7] 丁中一,贾晋康、王仁,潮汐应力对地震的触发作用,地震学报,5, 2, 172——184, 1983,
[8] 陈顺,单轴压缩实验中压机刚度对大理岩声学性质的影响,大陆地震活动和地震预报国际学术讨论会文集,1982,
[9] O. C. Zienkiewicz, The finite element method, 3rd edition, McGarr——Hill, 1977,
[10] 陈运泰等,用大地测量资料反演的1976年唐山地震的位错模式,地球物理学报,22, 3, 201——207, 1979.
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