由重力和温度变化引起的地壳水平应力
HORIZONTAL STRESSES IN THE EARTH'S CRUST CAUSED BY GRAVITY AND TEMPERATURE EFFECT
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摘要: 考虑到地壳的三维不均一性,将重力(包括引力和离心惯性力)和温度作用作为载荷,采用三维有限元法计算了地壳应力场。计算结果表明: (1)地壳水平应力以压应力占主导地位;(2)纬向水平应力与深度成正比,与纬度无关;(3)经向水平应力与深度成正比,与纬度成反比;(4)水平应力的各向异性程度随纬度的增大而减小;(5)地壳上部广泛存在着高水平应力。Abstract: Considering the three-dimensional inhomogeneity of the earth's crust, three dimensional finite element method is applied to an analysis of the earth's crustal stress field, gravity (including gravitation and centrifugal force) and temperature effect being taken for the external load. Results:(1) The crust is absolutely dominated by compressive stress;(2) The latitudinal horizontal stress increases with increase in depth, and is independent of latitude;(3) The longitudinal horizontal stress oncreases with increase in depth, and decreases with increase in latitude at the same depth;(4) The degree of anisotropy of horizontal stress decreases with increase of latitude;(5) In the surficial and upper layers of the crust, high horizontal stress is widespread.
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[1] Zhang Xiaoping and Shao Jianguo, Three——dimensional finite element analysis of crustal stress field on a global scale, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Rock Stress and Rock Stress Measurements,Stockli,lm, 1986, 139——148.
[2] Cook, R. D,Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis, 27——109, 1974, John Wiley.
[3] 张允真、曹新富,弹性力学及其有限元法,473——607, 1983,中国铁道出版社.
[4] McGarr, A. and N. C. Gay, State of stress in the earth's crust, Ann. Rrv. Earth Planet. Sci., 1978, 6,405——436.
[5] Hast, N,The state rrC stress in the upper parts of the earth's crust, TrctonopJnysics, 1969, 8, 169——211.
[6] Lindner, E. N. and J. A. Halpern, In——situ stress in North America: A compilation, Int. J Rock Mcch.Mm. Sci.&Gcomech. AGstr., 1978, 15, 183——203.
[7] A, B,裴伟等,国家地震局地震地质大队情报资料室译,地壳应力状态,I——102 , 1978,地震出版社.
[8] Brown, E. T, and E. Hock, Trends in relationships between measured in situ stresses and depth, Int. J.Roc Mech. Min. Sci.&Geonscch. AGstr., 1978, 15, 211——215.
[9] Bott, M. H. P, and J. N. Kusznir, The origin of tectonic stress in the lithosphere, Tectonophysics, 1984,105, 1——13
[10] Liu, H. S., Mantle convection pattern and suberustal stress field under Asia, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.,1978, 16, 247——256.
[11] 廖椿庭等,金川矿区应力测量与构造应力场,29——35,1985,地质出版社.
[12] 丁健民、梁国平,店山、天津和沧州地区的油井水力压裂应力测量,地震学报,1985,7,361——373,
[13] 丁健民、粱国平、郭启良,山东渤海沿岸地区深部应力测量—主应力大小的测定,地震学刊,19S6,2: 1——8.
[14] 刘建中、李自强,从水压致裂结果讨论华北地区构造应力场,地震地质,1956,8,1,75——81.
[15] Haimson, B. C., Crustal stress in the continental United States as derived from hydrofrac——turfing tests, 1n: Heacock, J. G. (editor), The Earths Crust——Its Nature and Physical Properties, Geophysical Monograph, 1977, 20, 576——592,
[16] 陈家庚、曹新玲、李自强,水压致裂法测定华北地下深部应力,地震学报,1982,4,310——361.
[17] Vetter, U. R. and A. S. Ryall, Systematic change of focal mechanism with depth in the Western Great Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 1963, 88, Bell,37——82.
[18] 钱伟长、叶开源,弹性力学,335——336 X1980,科学出版社.[1] Zhang Xiaoping and Shao Jianguo, Three——dimensional finite element analysis of crustal stress field on a global scale, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Rock Stress and Rock Stress Measurements,Stockli,lm, 1986, 139——148.
[2] Cook, R. D,Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis, 27——109, 1974, John Wiley.
[3] 张允真、曹新富,弹性力学及其有限元法,473——607, 1983,中国铁道出版社.
[4] McGarr, A. and N. C. Gay, State of stress in the earth's crust, Ann. Rrv. Earth Planet. Sci., 1978, 6,405——436.
[5] Hast, N,The state rrC stress in the upper parts of the earth's crust, TrctonopJnysics, 1969, 8, 169——211.
[6] Lindner, E. N. and J. A. Halpern, In——situ stress in North America: A compilation, Int. J Rock Mcch.Mm. Sci.&Gcomech. AGstr., 1978, 15, 183——203.
[7] A, B,裴伟等,国家地震局地震地质大队情报资料室译,地壳应力状态,I——102 , 1978,地震出版社.
[8] Brown, E. T, and E. Hock, Trends in relationships between measured in situ stresses and depth, Int. J.Roc Mech. Min. Sci.&Geonscch. AGstr., 1978, 15, 211——215.
[9] Bott, M. H. P, and J. N. Kusznir, The origin of tectonic stress in the lithosphere, Tectonophysics, 1984,105, 1——13
[10] Liu, H. S., Mantle convection pattern and suberustal stress field under Asia, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.,1978, 16, 247——256.
[11] 廖椿庭等,金川矿区应力测量与构造应力场,29——35,1985,地质出版社.
[12] 丁健民、梁国平,店山、天津和沧州地区的油井水力压裂应力测量,地震学报,1985,7,361——373,
[13] 丁健民、粱国平、郭启良,山东渤海沿岸地区深部应力测量—主应力大小的测定,地震学刊,19S6,2: 1——8.
[14] 刘建中、李自强,从水压致裂结果讨论华北地区构造应力场,地震地质,1956,8,1,75——81.
[15] Haimson, B. C., Crustal stress in the continental United States as derived from hydrofrac——turfing tests, 1n: Heacock, J. G. (editor), The Earths Crust——Its Nature and Physical Properties, Geophysical Monograph, 1977, 20, 576——592,
[16] 陈家庚、曹新玲、李自强,水压致裂法测定华北地下深部应力,地震学报,1982,4,310——361.
[17] Vetter, U. R. and A. S. Ryall, Systematic change of focal mechanism with depth in the Western Great Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 1963, 88, Bell,37——82.
[18] 钱伟长、叶开源,弹性力学,335——336 X1980,科学出版社.
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