真三轴压机刚度对岩石破裂声发射的影响及与地震活动性的联系.
THE INFLUNCE OF STIFFNESS OF THE TRUE TRIAXIAL TESTING MACHINE ON THE RUPTURING AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION OF ROCKS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH SEISMIC ACTIVITIES
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摘要: 本文叙述了岩石特征刚度与压机刚度比R对岩石破裂及声发射的影响.结果表明:当R>0.20时,岩样产生突发断裂;当R1.50时,断裂前没有平静期.缓裂时,声发射率的变化形式为(应力增至大于50％破裂应力后)平稳低(高)值——上升(下降)至极大(极小)值并持续之——破裂.Abstract: This paper introduces how the ratio R of the characteristic stiffness of rock sample vs. the. stiffness of testing machine would influence the rupturing process and the acoustic emission (AE) on the part of the tested rock samples. Result of the experiment shows: When R> 0.20, the rock sample would rupture abruptly, whereas when R1.50, no pre-failure quiescence is detected. When the rock samples rupture slowly, the variation pattern of the AE rate (after the stress has increased to more than 50% of the rupturing stress) is as the following: Stable low (or high) values-rising (or dropping) to its maximum (or minimum) values and then continuing for some time-rupturing.
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[1] Byerlee, J. D. and Brace, W. F., 1968. Stick slip, stable sliding and earthquakes effect of rock type, Pressure, strain rate and stiffness, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 6031——6037.
[2] Rummel, F., Fairhurst, C., 1970. Determination of the post——failure behaviour of b tittle rock using a servocontrolled testing machine. Rock Mechanics, 2, 189——204.
[3] Hudson, J. A., Croch, S. L. and fairhurst, C., 1972, Soft, stiff antl servocontrolled testing machines: a review with refference to rock fairlure. Eng. Geol., 6, 155——189.
[4] Rummel, F., Alheld, H. L, and Frohn, C., 1978. Dilatancy and fracture induced velocity changes in rock and their relation to frictional sliding. Pageoph., 116, 743——764.
[5] Goodman, R. E. and Sundram, P. N., 1978. Fault and system stiffness and stick slip phenomena. Pageoph., 116, 873——887.
[6] Rice, J. R., 1979. Theory of precursory processes in the inception of earthquake rupture. Gerl.Beitr. Geophys., 88, 2, 91——127.
[7] Kikuchi, M., Mcnally, K. and Tittman, B. R., 1981. Machine stiffness approriate for experi mental simulation of earthquakes processes, Geophys. Res. Letters, 8, 4, 321——323.
[8] 陈顺、郝晋升、严维铃、刘晓红,1982.单轴压缩时压机刚度对岩石样品声学性质的影响.大陆地震和地震预报国际学术讨论会论文集,国家地震局科技监测司编.地震出版社,北京,409——415,
[9] 王绳祖、施良骇、张流,1983.环境刚度效应—影响震源应力降的重要因素.地震地质,5,3,17——30,
[10] 王绳祖、施良骇 1985.岩石错动面的凹凸不平及两种突发失稳.地震地质,7,3,73——B0,
[11] 方亚如、耿乃光、张智、昊开统,1986,岩石破裂前声发射的相对平静.中国地震学会第三次全国地震科学学术讨论会论文摘要汇编,中国地震学会,北京.191——192,
[12] Бердыев, А. А.,Мухамедое, В. А., 1983.Два тина эатншъя в сейсмоакустическом лролноэе Даклаы AHCCCP, 270, 1, 68——713.
[13] 李佩林、华培忠、许昭永,1988.三轴独立可调压力装置的研制.地震研究,11,2,191——198,
[14] 许昭永、史新海、华培忠、夏天、梅世蓉 1988.多轴压缩下岩石破裂前的声发射特征(英文).地震研究,11,191——102,
[15] Бедыев. А, А Мухамедов. В. А., 1980. О Хормировании макротрешнны и акстнческой этнссии хручкояо раэрушеная. Даклоы AHCCCP, 255, 1364——1366.
[16] 梅世蓉、许昭永、庄灿涛、舒燕华、包一峰,块断型和断滑型两类地晨前的频度异常.地球物理学报,待刊.
[17] Stuart, W. D., 1981. Stiffness metbed for anticipating earthquakes, Bull. Soc. Sci. Am., 71, 363——370.[1] Byerlee, J. D. and Brace, W. F., 1968. Stick slip, stable sliding and earthquakes effect of rock type, Pressure, strain rate and stiffness, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 6031——6037.
[2] Rummel, F., Fairhurst, C., 1970. Determination of the post——failure behaviour of b tittle rock using a servocontrolled testing machine. Rock Mechanics, 2, 189——204.
[3] Hudson, J. A., Croch, S. L. and fairhurst, C., 1972, Soft, stiff antl servocontrolled testing machines: a review with refference to rock fairlure. Eng. Geol., 6, 155——189.
[4] Rummel, F., Alheld, H. L, and Frohn, C., 1978. Dilatancy and fracture induced velocity changes in rock and their relation to frictional sliding. Pageoph., 116, 743——764.
[5] Goodman, R. E. and Sundram, P. N., 1978. Fault and system stiffness and stick slip phenomena. Pageoph., 116, 873——887.
[6] Rice, J. R., 1979. Theory of precursory processes in the inception of earthquake rupture. Gerl.Beitr. Geophys., 88, 2, 91——127.
[7] Kikuchi, M., Mcnally, K. and Tittman, B. R., 1981. Machine stiffness approriate for experi mental simulation of earthquakes processes, Geophys. Res. Letters, 8, 4, 321——323.
[8] 陈顺、郝晋升、严维铃、刘晓红,1982.单轴压缩时压机刚度对岩石样品声学性质的影响.大陆地震和地震预报国际学术讨论会论文集,国家地震局科技监测司编.地震出版社,北京,409——415,
[9] 王绳祖、施良骇、张流,1983.环境刚度效应—影响震源应力降的重要因素.地震地质,5,3,17——30,
[10] 王绳祖、施良骇 1985.岩石错动面的凹凸不平及两种突发失稳.地震地质,7,3,73——B0,
[11] 方亚如、耿乃光、张智、昊开统,1986,岩石破裂前声发射的相对平静.中国地震学会第三次全国地震科学学术讨论会论文摘要汇编,中国地震学会,北京.191——192,
[12] Бердыев, А. А.,Мухамедое, В. А., 1983.Два тина эатншъя в сейсмоакустическом лролноэе Даклаы AHCCCP, 270, 1, 68——713.
[13] 李佩林、华培忠、许昭永,1988.三轴独立可调压力装置的研制.地震研究,11,2,191——198,
[14] 许昭永、史新海、华培忠、夏天、梅世蓉 1988.多轴压缩下岩石破裂前的声发射特征(英文).地震研究,11,191——102,
[15] Бедыев. А, А Мухамедов. В. А., 1980. О Хормировании макротрешнны и акстнческой этнссии хручкояо раэрушеная. Даклоы AHCCCP, 255, 1364——1366.
[16] 梅世蓉、许昭永、庄灿涛、舒燕华、包一峰,块断型和断滑型两类地晨前的频度异常.地球物理学报,待刊.
[17] Stuart, W. D., 1981. Stiffness metbed for anticipating earthquakes, Bull. Soc. Sci. Am., 71, 363——370.
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