不同单轴加压方式下岩石声发射的时间过程与频率特征

臧绍先, 范建利

摘要: 本文利用两个频率通道同时接收花岗岩标本及石灰岩标本在不同单轴加压方式下的声发射信号,研究了从加压到破坏的整个形变过程中,不同频道接收到的声发射率的变化特征.发现在各种加压方式下,花岗岩和石灰岩在破坏前,由不同频率通道接收到的声发射率均急剧增长;而在破坏的瞬间,高频通道接收的声发射率增长快于较低频率通道的声发射率.这两点可用来预测岩石的破坏.声发射率随轴向应力的变化与加压方式有关.匀速加压,加压过程中保持一段时间恒压或降压均对应一定的声发射率状态.有可能通过追踪声发射情况,推测应力变化趋势.

Abstract: The acoustic emission in granite and limestone samples during different types of uniaxial compression were simutaneously monitored through two different frequency windows, the variation of the rate of acoustic emission and the frequency characteristics of acoustic emission throughout the whole process from application of loading to the failure of the rock sample were studied. When the applied stress was less than 90% of the strength of rock samples, the variations of the rate of acoustic emission and its characteristics were different for diiferent rocks. There were also some differences between the variations of the rate of acoustic emission under different types of uniaxial compression. When the applied stress was higher than about 95% of the strength of rock samples, the rate of acoustic emision through different frequency windows all increased supraexponentially. But the rate of acoustic emission through the higher frequency window increased more rapidly than that through the lower frequency window immediately before and during failure of the rocks. These two features could be used to predict the burst of rocks.The variation of the emission rate with time depended upon the path of the loading. Loading with constant rate of increase; keeping the loading constant or decreasing the loading for a period of time during the loading process all brought to different kinds of variation of the rate of acoustic emission respectively. So it might be possible that the stress state could be deduced from the variation of the emission rate.

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