高温高压下石英方解石断层带的摩擦滑动性状
FRICTIONAL BEHAVIOR OF QUARTZ AND CALCITE FAULT ZONES AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES
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摘要: 在不同的温度、压力条件下进行了含石英和方解石断层泥标本的摩擦实验。结果表明,石英断层带的摩擦强度对压力的响应直到400℃都很明显,对温度的响应在高温(高于400℃)时才明显;方解石断层带的摩擦强度对温度很敏感,对围压的响应只在低温(200℃)时才明显;随温度升高,石英和方解石断层带均由粘滑转变为稳滑,但前者的转换界限在400℃到500℃之间,而后者在200℃到300℃之间。显微观察表明,上述差异归因于其具体变形机制的差别。Abstract: The strength of samples with quartz and calcite gouges was measured at elevated temperatures and confining pressures. The strength of quartz fault zone was very sensitive to pressure up to 400℃, and its response to temperature was outstanding only at high temperature ( > 400℃). The strength of calcite fault zone was very sensitive to temperature, while the effect of pressure could only be seen when the temperature was lower than 200℃. As temperature increased, the sliding mode for both quartz and calcite fault zones changed from stick-slip to stable sliding. The transition for quartz zone took place between 400℃ and 500℃, but it took place between 200℃ and 300℃ for calcite fault zone.The microstructure of samples deformed under different condition was studied. It indicated that the deformation of quartz fault zone was controlled by cataclastic flow up to 400℃, and by intracrystallization and recrystallization when the temperature was higher than 400℃. The predominant deformation mechanism of calcite fault zone changed from cataclastic folw to intracrystal gliding, and then to syntectonic recrystallization as temperature increased from 200℃ to 600℃. The first transition took place between 200℃ and 300℃, and the second between 400℃ and 600℃. Therefore, it is clear that the difference in mechanical behavior, dis-cribed above, resulted from the difference in deformation mechanism. The stick-slip may be related to cataclastic flow for both quartz and calcite fault zones.
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[2] Summers, R., J. D. Byerlee, A note on the effect of fault gou composition on the stability of frictional sliding, lnt. J. Pock bech. Min. Sci&Geomcch. Ahstra 1977, 14, 155——160.
[3] Sbimamoto, T., J. M. Logan, Effects of simulated fault gouge on the sliding behavior of Tennessee sandstone nonelay gouges, J. Cropleys, 1981, 86, 84,914
[4] Moore, D. E., R. Summers, J. D. Byerlee, Strengths of clay and nonclay fault gouges at elevated temperaLures and pressures, 1983, 24th U. S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics.
[5] 马瑾, E. Moore, R. Summers, J. D. Byet'Lee,温度几力孔隙压力对断岌泥强度及滑动性质的影响,地震地质,1985, 4, 15——17,
[6] Logan, J. M., N. G. Higgs, M. Friedman, Laboraorv studies on natural gouge from the U. S. Geological Survey Dry Lake Valley No. 1 well, San Andrea, fault zone, in Mechanical Behavior of Crustal Rocks, 111——I34, 1981, American Geophysical Union.
[7] 张流、王绳祖、王光根、刘树山,固体介质三轴实验装置及实验技术,力学与实践,1982, 4,36——40.
[8] Ill;格,J. C., N. G. W.库克,(中科院工程力学所译),岩石力学基础,1983,科学出版社.
[9] 张流、王绳祖、施良骇,我国六种岩石在高围压下的强度特性,岩石力学与工程学报,1955 4, 10——19,
[10] Friedman, M., N. G. Higgs, Calcite fabrics in experirttcntal shear zones, in Mechanical Behavior of Cruseal Rucks, 11——17, 1981, American Geophysical Unm.
[11] 佩特森,M. S.,(张崇寿等译),实验岩石形变—脆性域,163——159, 1982,地质出版社.
[12] Byerlec, J D., The mechanics of stick——slip, Tecorrphy.cics, 1970, 9, 475——486.
[13] 马瑾,各种因素对地震发生条件的交又影响,地震,1964, 4: 42——47,
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