喜马拉雅－青藏地区的运动学－抬升模型
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摘要: 本文以拉萨-冈底斯地体代表喜马拉雅造山期印度-欧亚板块碰撞时期的活动地体, 建立其相应的运动学-抬升模型。模型参数的取值以最终拟合由综合古地理研究确定的抬升历史作为制约条件, 同时考虑以下因素：①印度-欧亚板块汇聚的运动学特征: ②地体变形时的三维质量守恒, 包括缩短、增厚、拉伸、抬升和侵蚀: ③在均衡控制下岩石圈物质的瞬时垂向运动。模型研究涉及以下四类与抬升相关的参数：①板块汇聚速度及其随时间的变化: ②侧向质量转移的规模: ③地壳结构: ④地表侵蚀制式。共144个不同参数组合的模型计算结果展示了多解性的存在, 同时也证实：对于特定的板块汇聚运动学制式, 只存在一种可拟合实测抬升历史的最佳拟合模型, 隐含着汇聚板块动力学环境的唯一性。据此, 喜马拉雅-青藏地区的抬升主要受板块动力学和运动学的制约, 是一种含义深远的复杂地质过程。
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[11] Kai. K., 1981. Rb——Sr age of biotite and muscovite of the Himalayas, eastern Nepal: its implication in uplift history. Groch. J., 15. 63——68.
[12] Kanoeka, T. and Konp. M., 1981. '0A, /a'A. dating of Himalayan rocks from the Mount. Everest region. J. Geophys. 49, 207——211.
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[15] Shen, X. J., 1987. Mechanism of the thermo——tectonic evolution of the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. J. Geodyruxmics. 8. 55——77.
[16] Shen. X. J., 1992. Kinematic features of tectonic deformations of terranes in the Xizang(Tibetan)Tethyan Belt. Seismology and Geology. 14. 204——205.
[17] Shen, X. J., 1993. Kinematics and tectonothermal modeling——interpretation of heat flow observed on the Tibetan Plateau. I'ectonoph ysii s. 225. 91——106.
[18] Virk. H. S. and Kaul. S. L., 1977. Fission track age and uranium estimation of Himalayan muscovite(Kathmandu Valley, NepaU. J. Phys. Earth. 25. 177——186.
[19] Wang. C. Y., Shi. Y, L. and Zhou, W. H., 1982. Dynamic uplift of the Himalaya. Nature, 298, 553——556.
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[21] Zeither, P. K., Johnson, N. M., Naeser. C. W. and Tahirkheli. R. A. K., 1982. Fission track evidences for Quaternary uplift of Nanga Parbat region, Pakistan. Nature. 298. 255——257.
[22] Zhao, W. L. and Morgan. W. H., 1985. Uplift of Tibetan Plateau. Tectonics. 4. 359——369.[1] 常承法、潘裕生、郑锡澜、张新明, 1982.青藏高原地质构造, p. 91.科学出版社, 北京.
[2] 董学斌、王忠民、谭承泽、杨惠心、承立人、周姚秀, 1990.亚东——格尔木地学断面的新古地磁数据及青藏高原地体演化模式的初步研究.中国地质科学院院报, 第21号, 139——148.
[3] 卢德源、王香径, 1990.青藏高原北部地壳结构及深部过程.中国地质科学院院报, 第21号, 227——237.
[4] 滕吉文, 1985.青藏高原地壳和上地慢地球物理特征综述.地球物理学报, 28, 增刊1, 1——15.
[5] 吴功建、肖序常、李廷栋, 1989.青藏高原亚东至格尔木地学断面.地质学报, 63, 4: 285——296.
[6] 肖序常、李廷栋、李光岑、常承法、袁学诚, 1988.喜马拉雅岩石圈构造演化总论, a. 236.地质出版社, 北京.
[7] 中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队, 1981.青藏高原隆升的时代、幅度和形式, p. 175.科学出版社, 北京.
[8] Dewey. J. F. Shackleton, R. M., Chang, C. F. and Sun. Y. Y., 1989. The tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. In: Dewey. J. F. and Shackleton. R. M. (editors). Geology and tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. 274——306.Royal Society Press, London.
[9] Hamet, J. and Allegre, C. J., 1976. IZb——Sr systematics in granite from Central Nepal ( Manaslu ): Significance of Oligocene age and high etS, /efiS, ratio in Himalayan orogeny. Geology. 4, 470——472.
[10] Hirn, A., 1988. Features of crust——mantle structure of Himalayas——Tibet: A comparison with seismic traverses of Alpine, Pyrenean and Veriscan orogenic belts. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., A326, 17——32.
[11] Kai. K., 1981. Rb——Sr age of biotite and muscovite of the Himalayas, eastern Nepal: its implication in uplift history. Groch. J., 15. 63——68.
[12] Kanoeka, T. and Konp. M., 1981. '0A, /a'A. dating of Himalayan rocks from the Mount. Everest region. J. Geophys. 49, 207——211.
[13] Lin, J, L. and Watts, D. R., 1988. Paleomagnetic constraints on Himalayan——Tibetan tectonic evolution. Phil. Trans. R. Soi. Lond., A326, 177——188.
[14] Metha. P. K., 1980. Tectonic significance of the young mineral dates and rate of cooling and uplift in the Himalayas. Tectontophystis, 62, 205——217.
[15] Shen, X. J., 1987. Mechanism of the thermo——tectonic evolution of the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. J. Geodyruxmics. 8. 55——77.
[16] Shen. X. J., 1992. Kinematic features of tectonic deformations of terranes in the Xizang(Tibetan)Tethyan Belt. Seismology and Geology. 14. 204——205.
[17] Shen, X. J., 1993. Kinematics and tectonothermal modeling——interpretation of heat flow observed on the Tibetan Plateau. I'ectonoph ysii s. 225. 91——106.
[18] Virk. H. S. and Kaul. S. L., 1977. Fission track age and uranium estimation of Himalayan muscovite(Kathmandu Valley, NepaU. J. Phys. Earth. 25. 177——186.
[19] Wang. C. Y., Shi. Y, L. and Zhou, W. H., 1982. Dynamic uplift of the Himalaya. Nature, 298, 553——556.
[20] Windley, B. F., 1988. Tectonic framework of the Himalaya. Karakoram and Tibet, and problem of their evolution. Phil. Traps. R. Soc, Lond., A326. 3——16.
[21] Zeither, P. K., Johnson, N. M., Naeser. C. W. and Tahirkheli. R. A. K., 1982. Fission track evidences for Quaternary uplift of Nanga Parbat region, Pakistan. Nature. 298. 255——257.
[22] Zhao, W. L. and Morgan. W. H., 1985. Uplift of Tibetan Plateau. Tectonics. 4. 359——369.
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