Review on issues of near-fault velocity pulse-like ground motions
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摘要: 近断层速度脉冲型地震动研究对揭示建筑结构的破坏机理、开展抗震设防以及抗震设计具有重要价值。首先，对速度脉冲成因进行了系统的总结，并探讨了区分方向性效应速度脉冲和滑冲效应速度脉冲的思路；其次，系统地介绍了近断层速度脉冲的识别方法，评述了各种脉冲识别方法的优缺点；然后，基于速度脉冲特性，探讨了前方向性效应对速度脉冲特性的影响以及速度脉冲对反应谱的放大作用；最后，对速度脉冲型地震动输入方法以及对结构响应研究进行了系统总结，探讨了速度脉冲型地震动输入的关键问题。基于丰富的理论研究，未来对于速度脉冲型地震动研究工作应当充分结合实际工程需求，推进理论成果的规范标准化与工程实践。Abstract: The study of near-fault velocity pulse-like ground motions is of great value to revealits damage mechanism, seismic fortification, and seismic design in the near-fault region. In this paper, the formation mechanisms of the pulse are summarized. The idea of distinguishing the pulses caused by the forward directivity effects and fling effects is discussed. Secondly, the identification methods of near-fault velocity pulses are systematically introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are reviewed. In addition, based on the characteristics of the pulse, the influence of the forward directivity effect on the pulse characteristics and the amplification effects of pulses on response spectra are discussed. Finally, the ground motion input and influence of pulses on structures are summarized. And the key questions of the pulse ground motion input are discussed. In the future, the research work of velocity pulse ground motion should be fully integrated with the actual engineering needs, and the standardization of theoretical results and engineering practice should be promoted.
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图 1 典型地震近断层破裂的前方向性效应（a）和滑冲效应（b）速度脉冲记录的速度和位移时程
Figure 1. The velocity and displacement time histories of typical pulse-like strong ground motions caused by forward directivity （a） and fling （b） effects
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图 2 2018年台湾花莲MW6.4地震中HWA012台站的速度时程和位移时程记录
Figure 2. The velocity and displacement time histories of pulse-like strong ground motion from the station HWA012 during 2018 Taiwan Hualien MW6.4 earthquake
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图 3 2018年台湾花莲地震中HWA012台站记录的方向性速度脉冲，其中t17%和t5%分别为记录能量达到17%和5%的对应时间
Figure 3. The pulse caused by directivity effect from the HWA012 station of 2018 Hualien earthquake，t17% and t5% present the times of 17% and 5% of the energy of the original ground motion and extracted pulse，repectively
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图 4 2018年台湾花莲MW6.4地震中台站HWA008记录经基线校正后三分量的加速度、速度和位移时程（引自赵晓芬等，2021）
Figure 4. Three-component acceleration，velocity and displacement time histories after baseline correction from HWA008 record during 2018 Taiwan Hualien MW6.4 earthquake （after Zhao et al，2021）
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图 5 2008年汶川地震51JYT台记录的显著速度脉冲的方位（引自谢俊举等，2017）
Figure 5. Azimuth showing distinct pulse for 51JYT record during 2008 Wenchuan earthquake （after Xie et al，2017）
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