Coseismic deformation and fault slip inversion of the 2017 MW7.3 Halabjah, Iraq, earthquake based on Sentinel-1A data
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摘要: 本文首先利用二轨法对欧洲空间局Sentinel-1A雷达卫星影像进行差分干涉处理，获取了覆盖2017年伊拉克哈莱卜杰（Halabjah）MW7.3地震震区的同震形变场，结果表明：哈莱卜杰地震造成的地表形变影响范围约为60 km×70 km，形变场基本沿扎格罗斯主前缘断层展布；形变场的西南盘呈现隆升趋势，最大视线向形变值为88 cm，东北盘呈现下降趋势，最大视线向形变值为37 cm；隆升形变值远大于沉降值，反映出发震断层以逆冲运动为主的特征。然后基于弹性半平面空间矩形位错模型，分别采用多峰值粒子群算法和最速下降法确定了发震断层的几何参数和滑动分布结果。反演结果显示发震断层以逆冲运动为主，兼少量右旋走滑运动，最大滑动量为3.34 m，释放的地震矩为1.68×1020 N·m （MW7.4），与地震学的研究结果一致。
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关键词:
- 伊拉克哈莱卜杰地震 /
- Sentinel-1A雷达数据 /
- 同震形变 /
- 滑动分布
Abstract: In this study, firstly, based on Sentinel-1A radar satellite images of Europe Space Agency, the coseismic deformation field covering the whole 2017 MW7.3 Halabjah, Iraq, earthquake region was obtained by using two-pass interferometry technique. The result shows that the main deformation region caused by the Halabjah earthquake is about 60 km×70 km, which distributes along the Zagros main front fault. Uplift occurred in the southwestern part with 88 cm at most along the line of sight, while in the northeastern subsidence occurred with 37 cm at most along the line of sight, the displacement indicates that the seismogenic fault is characterized by thrusting movement. Then nonlinear multi-peak particle swarm optimization algorithm and linear steepest descent method with rectangular dislocation model in elastic half-space are used to estimate the fault geometric parameters and coseismic slip distribution. The inversion results suggest that the seismogenic fault is dominated by thrust movement with a little right-lateral strike-slip component, and the maximum slip is about 3.34 m. The seismic moment from inversion is 1.68×1020 N·m （MW7.4）, which is consistent with the result of seismology. -
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图 2 2017年哈莱卜杰MW7.3地震降轨视线向同震形变场
（a） 降轨干涉条纹图；（b） 降轨干涉形变图
Figure 2. The LOS descending coseismic deformation fields of the 2017 MW7.3 Halabjah earthquake
（a） The descending interferogram；（b） The descending displacement map
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图 3 2017年哈莱卜杰MW7.3地震升轨视线向同震形变场
（a） 升轨干涉条纹图；（b） 升轨干涉位移图
Figure 3. The LOS ascending coseismic deformation fields of the 2017 MW7.3 Halabjah earthquake
（a） The ascending interferogram；（b） The ascending displacement map
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图 4 2017年哈莱卜杰MW7.3地震升降轨视线向同震形变剖面
（a） 升轨形变剖面；（b） 降轨形变剖面
Figure 4. The LOS deformation profiles of coseismic for the 2017 MW7.3 Halabjah earthquake
（a） The ascending deformation profiles；（b） The descending deformation profiles
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图 5 均匀滑动模型拟合的形变图和残差图
（a） 降轨形变；（b） 降轨拟合形变；（c） 降轨残差；（d） 升轨形变；（e） 升轨拟合形变；（f） 升轨残差
Figure 5. The fitted and residual displacement diagram based on the uniform slip model
（a） The displacement diagram for descending；（b） The fitted displacement diagram for descending；（c） The residual displacement diagram for descending；（d） The displacement diagram for ascending；（e） The fitted displacement diagram for ascending；（f） The residual displacement diagram for ascending
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图 8 断层滑动分布显示
（a） 滑动分布模型；（b） 地理坐标系下的滑动分布
Figure 8. Fault slip distribution from InSAR inversion
（a） Slip distribution model；（b） Slip distribution in geographic coordinates
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图 9 滑动分布模型拟合的形变图和残差图
（a） 降轨形变；（b） 降轨拟合形变；（c） 降轨残差；（d） 升轨形变；（e） 升轨拟合形变；（f） 升轨残差
Figure 9. The fitted and residual displacement diagram based on the slip distribution model
（a） The displacement diagram for descending；（b） The fitted displacement diagram for descending；（c） The residual displacement diagram for descending；（d） The displacement diagram for ascending；（e） The fitted displacement diagram for ascending；（f） The residual displacement diagram for ascending
表 1 2017年11月12日伊拉克哈莱卜杰MW7.3地震的震源机制解
Table 1 The focal mechanism solutions of the MW7.3 Halabjah，Iraq，earthquake on November 12，2017
机构 MW 东经/° 北纬/° 走向/° 倾角/° 滑动角/° 深度/km USGS （2017） 7.3 45.959 34.911 351 16 137 19.0 GCMT （2017） 7.4 45.840 34.830 351 11 140 17.9 
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表 2 雷达影像对参数
Table 2 Parameters of SAR image pair
卫星 震前日期 震后日期 时间间隔/d 垂直基/m 轨道 模式 Sentinel-1A 2017−11−07 2017−11−19 12 36 6 升轨 Sentinel-1A 2017−11−11 2017−11−23 12 −52 72 降轨
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