Modeling and applications on amplitude-magnitude-distance-depth of some teleseism and ultra-teleseism phases
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摘要: 不同震相具有不同的振动特性和传播规律，对应各自不同的幅值-震中距-深度衰减规律，本文基于禁核试核查国际数据中心公报，统计P，PcP，PKP，PKPbc及PKPab远震和极远震震相样本随震中距的分布，运用基于残差统计的迭代方法回归上述震相的幅值-震级-震中距-深度模型，通过震级残差标准差与均值的统计进行模型评估，结果显示：P，PcP，PKP，PKPbc及PKPab震相的震级残差标准差范围为0.30—0.36，满足一般震相相容性判断的需求；除PKPbc的残差均值大于0.03外，其余震相残差均值均为0.01左右，模型的系统偏差极小，甚至可以忽略不计。最后针对模型进行了幅值预测比对、震级相容性检测、极远震体波震级计算等三个不同场景的应用研究，验证模型可用于日常地震监测。
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关键词:
- 事件检测 /
- 震相相容性 /
- 残差统计 /
- 幅值-震级-震中距-深度模型
Abstract: The consistency analysis of the signal feature is an important method to estimate the relationship between the event and the signal in the detection of seismic event. The consistency of amplitude can be used for determination of association through the comparison of amplitude residuals with numerous signal features on time and frequency domain. Different phases comply with the different propagation and attenuation law of amplitude-distance-depth. In this paper, the distribution of sample size varying with the distance of teleseism and ultra-teleseism phases such as P, PcP, PKP, PKPab and PKPbc based on the IDC is made. The model of amplitude-magnitude- distance-depth is constructed by iterative regression based on the residual statistics. The model is estimated through the standard deviation and mean of residual of magnitude. The range of standard deviation of residual of magnitude is 0.30−0.36. It could satisfy the requirements of phase consistency. Besides the mean of residual of magnitude of PKPbc phase is greater than 0.03, the rest phases is about 0.01. It demonstrates that the system deviation of the model is so tiny that it could be neglected. The application research of model is carried out by three different cases such as comparison of predicted amplitude, detection of magnitude consistency and magnitude calculation of ultra-teleseism events. The application research demonstrates that these models could be applied to routine seismic monitoring. -
图 3 定义震相观测数目随震中距的分布
Figure 3. Distribution of amount of definite phase with epicentral distance
（a） P；（b） PKP；（c） PKPbc；（d） PKPab；（e） PcP
图 4 回归得到的不同深度P震相震级矫正值随震中距变化（实线）及V/C模型给出的对应深度的量规函数（虚线）
Figure 4. Calibration variation of magnitude with epicentral distance of various depths （solid curve） and calibration function with various depths of V/C model （dashed line）
图 5 台网震级与IDC公报的台网震级残差分布
Figure 5. Distribution of residual for network magnitude to that of IDC bulletin
图 6 单台震级占台网震级残差分布
（a） 模型计算台站震级；（b） IDC公报给出的台站震级
Figure 6. Distribution of residual with station magnitude to network magnitude
（a） Station magnitude by calibration function；（b） Station magnitude by IDC bulletin
图 7 PKP震相量规函数迭代计算过程及结果
（a） 各次迭代计算对应残差；（b） 各次迭代计算对应的量规函数
Figure 7. Iterative process and result of the PKP phase
（a） The residual corresponding to each iterative；（b） The calibration function corresponding to each iterative
图 8 不同深度下震相量规函数（左侧）及台站震级相对于台网震级残差分布（右侧）
（a） PKP震相；（b） PKPbc震相；（c） PKPab震相；（d） PcP震相
Figure 8. Calibration function at different depths （left）and distribution of residual for station magnitude to network magnitude （right）
（a） PKP phase；（b） PKPbc phase；（c） PKPab phase；（d） PcP phase
图 9 台站同时记录多个震相波形图（红色、褐色、蓝色、紫色与绿色竖线分别为P，PcP，PKP，PKPbc和PKPab震相到时）
Figure 9. Waveform with multiple phases observed by stations（Red，brown，blue，purple and green vertical strings indicate the arrival time of P，PcP，PKP，PKPbc and PKPab phase respectively）
图 10 台站多震相幅值预测残差
Figure 10. Predicted amplitude residual of multiple phases observed by station
图 11 事件和台站分布及AS31台站记录波形
Figure 11. Location of events and AS31 station, waveform observed by AS31 station
图 12 新疆地区部分台站记录的南美地区某次mb5.3地震事件的PKP震相（右上角为台站名，括号内为计算的体波震级，波形滤波频带为0.8—4.5 Hz）
Figure 12. PKP phases of some mb5.3 event located in South America observed by stations in Xinjiang （Station code is labeled on right top of the waveform，and the number in bracket is the computed mb. The filter band is 0.8 to 4.5 Hz）
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