High-resolution crustal structure in the Songliao basin
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摘要: 基于东北地区已有的宽频带流动台阵远震数据，利用波场延拓和分解的H-β网格搜索法，对松辽盆地的沉积层及地壳结构进行了深入分析。结果显示：松辽盆地的沉积层厚度为0.2—2.5 km，整体呈现中央坳陷区厚、边缘薄且西南地区最薄的分布特征；研究区地壳较薄，厚度介于24—34 km之间，其横向变化特征与沉积层厚度分布具有一定的对应性。依据沉积层和地壳的厚度计算了地壳伸展系数，其平均值接近于以往接收函数研究估测的岩石圈伸展因子。因此，本文推测松辽盆地在伸展构造过程中，其地壳和岩石圈的减薄以纯剪切模式为主。此外，松辽盆地具有较高的地壳平均波速比vP/vS，暗示盆地下方岩石圈地幔的减薄过程中可能存在岩浆的底侵作用。Abstract: High-resolution shallow crustal structure beneath the Songliao basin of Northeast （NE） China has obvious economic and scientific significance. To constrain the sediment and crustal structure of the Songliao basin, H-β grid search method based on wavefield downward continuation and decomposition is used with teleseismic data recorded from portable broadband seismic arrays in the NE China. The results show that the estimated sediment thickness is 0.2−2.5 km, and becomes thinner from the central depression toward the margin of the basin, with the thinnest sediment in the southwestern region. The crustal thickness varies from 24 km to 34 km, and its lateral variation correlates with the distribution of sedimentary thicknesses to a certain extent. The crustal stretching factor is calculated from the sedimentary and crustal thicknesses, with an average close to the lithospheric stretching estimation from previous receiver function studies. Thus, we infer that the thinning of the crust and lithosphere is dominated by pure shear mode during the extensional process of the Songliao basin. Moreover, the Songliao basin has a high crustal vP/vS ratio, indicating possible magmatic underplating during the lithospheric extension beneath the Songliao basin.
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Key words:
- Songliao basin /
- H-β technique /
- sediment thickness /
- crustal structure /
- vP/vS ratio
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图 1 东北地区地质构造和地震台站分布示意图
黄色实心圆为满洲里—绥芬河线性流动台阵（SM台阵），蓝色实心圆为NECESSArray流动台阵
Figure 1. Map showing major geological tectonic settings and portable seismic arrays deployed in Northeast China
Yellow and blue solid circles represent two portable seismic arrays，the Suifenhe to Manzhouli （SM） and NECESSArray，respectively. The purple solid line outlines the Songliao basin
图 2 远震地震事件分布
红色三角形为研究区域中心，蓝色圆点为地震事件的震中分布
Figure 2. Epicentral distribution of teleseismic events used in this study
Red triangle represents the center of the studied area，blue dots denote seismic events
图 3 松辽盆地沉积层厚度（a）、地壳厚度（b）、地壳平均vP/vS （c）以及地壳伸展系数（d）分布图
图（b）中，黑色方块为采用H-β搜索方法获得有效结果的台站，三角形为H-β搜索结果无效的台站
Figure 3. Map of sediment thickness （a），crustal thickness （b），crustal vP/vS ratio （c） and stretching factor （d） beneath the Songliao basin
The black squares in Fig. （b） represent the seismic stations with the valid H-β values，and triangles represent those without valid H-β values
图 4 地壳厚度与沉积层厚度（a）和壳内平均波速比 vP/vS （b）的相关性
Figure 4. Relationship between crustal thicknesses and sediment thicknesses （a） and vP/vS ratios （b）
表 1 本文H-β网格搜索法中所用模型
Table 1. Model used in H-β grid search method
模型分层 vP/（km·s−1） ρ/（10 3 kg·m−3） 厚度H/km vS/（km·s−1） 沉积层 2.1 1.97 0—7.0 0—2.5 地壳 6.4 2.7 25—40 3.0—5.0 地幔 8.0 3.3 ∞ 4.5 
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