The characteristics of subway stray current on geo-electrical resistivity observation
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摘要: 地电阻率研究在地震电磁学中具有十分重要的意义,地铁运行时的入地电流信号(杂散电流)在地电阻率观测中所表现出来的特征对分析地电观测资料,并正确判断震前异常也具有重大意义。本文在地铁杂散电流产生机理讨论的基础上,定量计算了地铁运行时杂散电流在地电阻率观测中所呈现的特征,结果表明地铁杂散电流传播范围可以达到几十甚至上百千米。通过对城市周边的北京通州、天津青光、宝坻、塘沽、江苏江宁和辽宁新城子6个地电阻率观测台站观测到的该类信号的研究,分析了其幅度、主要频率范围以及空间分布特征,结果表明该类信号的幅度从几mV至几十mV不等,与源距关系密切,周期主要集中在50—200 s范围内,在分析地震异常前兆信号时该类信号可使信噪比降低10—30 dB左右,其相对方差最大超出标准20倍左右。根据地铁运行时杂散电流传播的特征,本文提出了几种压制该类信号的措施,为识别地震前地电阻率异常信息、排除噪声提供了很有意义的依据。Abstract: The geo-electrical resistivity observation is one of the most important methods in the study of earthquake precursor, and the characteristics of the stray current during subway operation in the geo- resistivity observation are useful for analyzing the geoelectric observation data and the anomaly variation before earthquake. Based on the study on the generation mechanism, the quantitatively results of the influence of stray current on geo-electrical resistivity observation were given in this paper. The result shows that the effect distance can reach dozens or even to a hundred kilometers. Through monitoring the stray current in some geo-electrical resistivity observation stations around cities, such as Beijing Tongzhou station, Tianjin Qingguang, Baodi and Tanggu stations, Jiangsu Jiangning station and Liaoning Xinchengzi station, the amplitude and frequency range of the stray current signal as well as its spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. It shows that the amplitude of the signal ranges from several to tens millivolt, and the period range is mainly from 50 s to 200 s. Due to the influence of stray current, the signal-to-noise ratio is decreased by 10 to 30 dB, and the accuracy of the observation data is more than 20 times worse than the specified requirement. According to the characteristics of the stray current propagation, several methods which can be used to suppress the signal were proposed in this paper, and it will provide a foundation for the identification of anomaly information from the observation data and anti-interference technology study.
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图 3 地铁杂散电流信号
(a)北京通州台(2014-04-21 13:00开始);(b)天津青光台(2014-05-16 16:00开始);(c)天津塘沽台(2014-05-13 17:00开始);(d)天津宝坻台(2014-05-12 11:00开始);(e)江苏江宁台(2014-10-13 15:00开始);(f)辽宁新城子台(2014-07-30 17:00开始)
Figure 3. The stray current signal in different observations
(a) Tongzhou (From 13:00,Apr 21st,2014);(b) Qingguang (From 16:00,May 16th,2014);(c) Tanggu (From 17:00,May 13th,2014);(d) Baodi (From 11:00,May 12th,2014);(e) Jiangning (From 15:00,Oct 13th,2014); (f) Xinchengzi (From 17:00,Jul 30th,2014)
图 9 江苏江宁台地电阻率交、直流小时观测数据曲线(2016年9月29日至30日)
(a) 南北方向地电阻率;(b) 东西方向地电阻率;(c) 南北方向测量方差;(d) 东西方向测量方差
Figure 9. Comparison of AC & DC hourly geo-electrical resistivity observation data of Jiangning
(a) Geo-electrical resistivity of NS direction;(b) Geo-electrical resistivity of EW direction;(c) RMS value of NS direction;(d) RMS value of EW direction
表 1 地铁杂散电流对地电阻率观测影响随距离的变化情况(R1=75,R2=1,C=3.33)
Table 1. The influence of stray current varies with distance (R1=75,R2=1,C=3.33)
测区至地铁距离r1
/kmδ dAB=1000 m dAB=500 m dAB=200 m 10 8.530% 2.132% 0.341% 20 2.132% 0.533% 0.085% 30 0.948% 0.237% 0.038% 40 0.533% 0.133% 0.021% 50 0.341% 0.085% 0.014% 60 0.237% 0.059% 0.009% 70 0.174% 0.044% 0.007% 80 0.133% 0.033% 0.005% 90 0.105% 0.026% 0.004% 100 0.085% 0.021% 0.003% 表 2 各个台站观测装置及与地铁最近距离
Table 2. The configuration in geo-electrical resistivity and the distance between observation station and subway
序号 台站名称 与地铁最近距离/km 观测装置 测道方向 供电极距/m 测量极距/m 装置系数/m 1 北京通州台 11.0 南北、东西 1 760 320 7 351 2 天津青光台 7.6 南北、东西 1 000 316 2 237 3 天津塘沽台 城区线:40.0
九号线:7.0南北,东西 南北:1 500
东西:1 000南北:500
东西:3003 141
2 3824 天津宝坻台 52.0 南北、东西 1 000 200 3 769 5 江苏江宁台 城区线:30.0
机场线:3.0南北、东西 1 000 300 2 382 6 辽宁新城子 19.4 南北、东西 1 000 300 2 382 表 3 不同周期范围功率占比
Table 3. The distribution of power in different periods
周期范围/s 北京通州台 天津青光台 天津塘沽台 天津宝坻台 江苏江宁台 辽宁新城子 50—100 10.17 19.02 8.74 14.78 33.34 24.26 100—150 29.56 60.50 11.66 54.55 6.77 57.57 150—200 56.87 18.13 76.35 27.00 9.13 15.67 200—250 2.38 1.68 0.85 1.12 39.28 2.10 250—300 0.17 0.20 1.81 0.57 0.77 0.00 300—350 0.83 0.47 0.59 1.97 10.71 0.40 表 4 不同台站记录的地铁杂散电流信号幅度及测量信噪比
Table 4. The stray current signal amplitude and the SNR
台站名称 测道
方向人工电位差/mV 噪声幅度/mV 测量信噪比/dB 信噪比降低
/dB停运时段 运行时段 停运时段 运行时段 北京通州 南北 7 0.14 1.33 34.0 14.4 19.6 东西 7 0.17 1.16 32.3 15.6 16.7 天津青光 南北 9 0.09 4.96 40.0 5.2 34.8 东西 9 0.36 2.25 28.0 12.0 15.9 天津塘沽 南北 7 0.06 1.94 41.3 11.1 30.2 东西 10 0.40 0.79 28.0 22.0 5.9 天津宝坻 南北 41 0.07 0.48 55.4 38.6 16.7 东西 41 0.06 0.25 56.7 44.3 12.4 江苏江宁 南北 93 0.19 3.60 53.8 28.2 25.6 东西 73 0.56 13.86 42.3 14.4 27.9 辽宁新城子 南北 26 0.13 1.02 34.0 14.4 19.6 东西 26 0.10 0.46 32.3 15.6 16.7 表 5 不同台站的地电阻率变幅与相对方差
Table 5. The maximum variation and RMS value of geo-electrical resistivity
台站名称 电阻率最大变幅/Ω·m 相对均方差 南北 东西 南北 东西 北京通州 1.83 3.99 0.65% 1.75% 天津青光 1.29 0.48 3.73% 1.72% 天津塘沽 1.72 0.59 7.57% 2.55% 天津宝坻 0.32 0.22 0.36% 0.20% 江苏江宁 1.50 5.22 1.13% 5.37% 辽宁新城子 0.09 0.05 0.15% 0.08% 表 6 几个台站的理论避让距离(R1=75,R2=1,δ=0.3%)
Table 6. The minimum distance between observation station and subway (R1=75,R2=1,δ=0.3%)
台站名称 供电极距/m 测量极距/m C=dAB/dMN 最小避让距离/km 北京通州台 1 760 320 5.50 97 天津青光台 1 000 316 3.16 53 天津塘沽台 1 500 500 3.00 79 天津宝坻台 1 000 200 5.00 55 江苏江宁台 1 000 300 3.33 53 辽宁新城子 1 000 300 3.33 53 -
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