地电阻率观测中地铁杂散电流特征

王兰炜 张宇 张兴国 胡哲

王兰炜,张宇,张兴国,胡哲. 2023. 地电阻率观测中地铁杂散电流特征. 地震学报,45(2):285−301 doi: 10.11939/jass.20210197
引用本文: 王兰炜,张宇,张兴国,胡哲. 2023. 地电阻率观测中地铁杂散电流特征. 地震学报,45(2):285−301 doi: 10.11939/jass.20210197
Wang L W,Zhang Y,Zhang X G,Hu Z. 2023. Characteristics of subway stray current in geoelectrical resistivity observation. Acta Seismologica Sinica,45(2):285−301 doi: 10.11939/jass.20210197
Citation: Wang L W,Zhang Y,Zhang X G,Hu Z. 2023. Characteristics of subway stray current in geoelectrical resistivity observation. Acta Seismologica Sinica45(2):285−301 doi: 10.11939/jass.20210197

地电阻率观测中地铁杂散电流特征

doi: 10.11939/jass.20210197
基金项目: 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CEAIEF2022030101)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王兰炜,博士,正研级高工,主要从事地震地电观测方法和技术研究,e-mail:wanglw829@126.com

    通讯作者:

    张宇,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地震地电观测方法和技术研究,e-mail:zyflyingfish@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TH762

Characteristics of subway stray current in geoelectrical resistivity observation

  • 摘要: 在对地铁杂散电流产生机理的讨论的基础上,定量计算了地铁运行时杂散电流在地电阻率观测中所呈现的影响幅度,结果表明地铁杂散电流传播范围可以达到几十甚至上百千米。通过对城市周边的北京通州、天津青光、宝坻、塘沽、江苏江宁和辽宁新城子等六个地电阻率观测台站观测到的该类信号的研究,分析了其幅值、主要频率范围以及空间分布特征,结果表明该类信号的幅值从几mV至几十mV不等,与源距关系密切,周期主要集中在50—200 s范围内,在分析地震异常前兆信号时该类信号可使信噪比降低10—30 dB左右,其相对方差最大超出标准20倍左右。根据地铁运行时杂散电流传播的特征,本文提出了几种压制该类信号的措施,为识别地震前地电阻率异常信息及排除噪声提供依据。

     

  • 图  1  地铁单车运行时电流示意图(a)及简化等效电路图(b)

    Figure  1.  The schematic diagram of current (a) and equivalent circuit (b) for subway single-train operation

    图  2  地电阻率测量示意图

    Figure  2.  The principle of geoelectrical resistivity observation

    3  各观测台南北(左)、东西(右)测道记录的地铁杂散电流信号

    (a) 北京通州台 (2014-04-21 13:00开始);(b) 天津青光台 (2014-05-16 16:00开始);(c) 天津塘沽台(2014-05-13 17:00开始);(d) 天津宝坻台 (2014-05-12 11:00开始)

    3.  The stray current signals recorded from north-south (left) and east-west (right) channel at different observations

    (a) Tongzhou station in Beijing (from 13:00,April 21,2014);(b) Qingguang station in Tianjin (from 16:00,May 16,2014);(c) Tanggu station in Tianjin (from 17:00,May 13,2014);(d) Baodi station in Tianjin (from 11:00,May 12,2014)

    图  3  各观测台南北(左)、东西(右)测道记录的地铁杂散电流信号

    (e) 江苏江宁台 (2014-10-13 15:00开始);(f) 辽宁新城子台 (2014-07-30 17:00开始)

    Figure  3.  The stray current signals recorded from north-south (left) and east-west (right) channe at different observations

    (e) Jiangning station in Jiangsu (from 15:00,October 13,2014);(f) Xinchengzi station in Liaoning (from 17:00,July 30,2014)

    图  4  地铁运行时段和停运时段功率谱密度PSD对比

    (a) 北京通州台;(b) 天津青光台;(c) 天津塘沽台;(d) 天津宝坻台;(e) 江苏江宁台;(f) 辽宁新城子台

    Figure  4.  Comparison of PSDs in subway operation with those in non-operation time period

    (a) Tongzhou station in Beijing;(b) Qingguang station in Tianjin;(c) Tanggu station in Tianjin;(d) Baodi station in Tianjin;(e) Jiangning station in Jiangsu;(f) Xinchengzi station in Liaoning

    图  5  天津青光台地电阻率小时观测数据曲线(2019年12月30日至31日)

    (a) 南北方向地电阻率ρNS;(b) 南北方向测量均方差σNS

    Figure  5.  The curve of hourly geoelectrical resistivity observation data of Qingguang (30th to 31th,Dec 2019)

    (a) Geoelectrical resistivity ρNS of NS direction;(b) RMS value σNS of NS direction

    图  6  江苏江宁台地电阻率小时观测数据曲线(2017年1月1日至2日)

    (a) 东西方向地电阻率ρEW;(b) 东西方向测量均方差σEW

    Figure  6.  The curve of hourly geoelectrical resistivity observation data of Jiangning (1st to 2nd,Jan 2017)

    (a) Geoelectrical resistivity ρEW of EW direction;(b) RMS value σEW of EW direction

    图  7  天津青光台日均值数据曲线(2017年1月1日至30日)

    (a) 东西方向地电阻率ρEW;(b) 东西方向相对均方差δEW

    Figure  7.  The daily mean value of geoelectrical resistivity observation data (1st to 30th,January 2017)

    (a) Geoelectrical resistivity ρEW of EW direction;(b) Relative RMS value δEW of EW direction

    图  8  江苏江宁台日均值观测数据曲线(2017年1月1日至30日)

    (a) 东西方向地电阻率ρEW;(b) 东西方向相对均方差δEW

    Figure  8.  The daily mean value of geoelectrical resistivity observation data (1st to 30th ,Jan 2017)

    (a) Geoelectrical resistivity ρEW of EW direction;(b) Relative RMS value δEW of EW direction

    图  9  江苏江宁台地电阻率交、直流小时观测数据曲线(2016年9月29日至30日)

    (a) 南北方向地电阻率;(b) 东西方向地电阻率;(c) 南北方向测量均方差;(d) 东西方向测量均方差

    Figure  9.  Comparison of AC & DC hourly geoelectrical resistivity observation data of Jiangning station

    (a) Geoelectrical resistivity of NS direction;(b) Geoelectrical resistivity of EW direction;(c) RMS value of NS direction;(d) RMS value of EW direction

    表  1  地铁杂散电流导致的地电阻率测量相对误差δ随距离的变化(P1=75,P2=1,C=3.33)

    Table  1.   The influence of stray current on geoelectrical resistivity varies with distance (P1=75,P2=1,C=3.33)

    测区至地铁
    距离r1/km
    δ
    dAB=1000 mdAB=500 mdAB=200 m
    108.530%2.132%0.341%
    202.132%0.533%0.085%
    300.948%0.237%0.038%
    400.533%0.133%0.021%
    500.341%0.085%0.014%
    600.237%0.059%0.009%
    700.174%0.044%0.007%
    800.133%0.033%0.005%
    900.105%0.026%0.004%
    1000.085%0.021%0.003%
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  各个台站观测装置及与地铁最近距离

    Table  2.   The configuration in geoelectrical resistivity observation station and its distance from the subway

    序号台站名称与地铁最近距离/km观测装置
    测道方向供电极距/m测量极距/m装置系数/m
    1 北京通州台 11.0 南北、东西 1 760 320 7 351
    2 天津青光台 7.6 南北、东西 1 000 316 2 237
    3 天津塘沽台 城区线:40.0
    九号线:7.0
    南北、东西
    南北、东西
    南北:1 500
    东西:1 000
    南北:500
    东西:300
    3 141
    2 382
    4 天津宝坻台 52.0 南北、东西 1 000 200 3 769
    5 江苏江宁台 城区线:30.0
    机场线:3.0
    南北、东西
    南北、东西
    1 000
    1 000
    300
    300
    2 382
    2 382
    6 辽宁新城子台 19.4 南北、东西 1 000 300 2 382
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同台站地铁运行时杂散电流不同周期功率占比

    Table  3.   The distribution of power in different periods at different stations during subway operation

    周期范围/s北京通州台天津青光台天津塘沽台天津宝坻台江苏江宁台辽宁新城子台
    50—10010.17%19.02%8.74%14.78%33.34%24.26%
    100—15029.56%60.50%11.66%54.55%6.77%57.57%
    150—20056.87%18.13%76.35%27.00%9.13%15.67%
    200—2502.38%1.68%0.85%1.12%39.28%2.10%
    250—3000.17%0.20%1.81%0.57%0.77%0.00%
    300—3500.83%0.47%0.59%1.97%10.71%0.40%
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  六个台站记录的地铁杂散电流信号幅度及测量信噪比

    Table  4.   The stray current signal amplitude and the SNR for the six stations

    台站名称测道方向人工电位差/mV噪声幅度/mV测量信噪比/dB信噪比降低/dB
    停运时段运行时段停运时段运行时段
    北京通州 南北 7 0.14 1.33 34.0 14.4 19.6
    东西 7 0.17 1.16 32.3 15.6 16.7
    天津青光 南北 9 0.09 4.96 40.0 5.2 34.8
    东西 9 0.36 2.25 28.0 12.0 15.9
    天津塘沽 南北 7 0.06 1.94 41.3 11.1 30.2
    东西 10 0.40 0.79 28.0 22.0 5.9
    天津宝坻 南北 41 0.07 0.48 55.4 38.6 16.7
    东西 41 0.06 0.25 56.7 44.3 12.4
    江苏江宁 南北 93 0.19 3.60 53.8 28.2 25.6
    东西 73 0.56 13.86 42.3 14.4 27.9
    辽宁新城子 南北 26 0.13 1.02 34.0 14.4 19.6
    东西 26 0.10 0.46 32.3 15.6 16.7
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  六个台站的地电阻率变幅与相对方差

    Table  5.   The maximum variation and relative RMS value of geoelectrical resistivity for six stations

    台站电阻率最大变幅/Ω·m相对均方差
    南北东西南北东西
    北京通州1.833.990.65%1.75%
    天津青光1.290.483.73%1.72%
    天津塘沽1.720.597.57%2.55%
    天津宝坻0.320.220.36%0.20%
    江苏江宁1.505.221.13%5.37%
    辽宁新城子0.090.050.15%0.08%
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  六个台站的理论避让距离(P1=75,P2=1,δ=0.3%)

    Table  6.   The minimum distance between observation station and subway for the six stations (P1=75,P2=1,δ=0.3%)

    台站名称供电极距/m测量极距/mCdAB/dMN最小避让距离/km
    北京通州台1 7603205.5097
    天津青光台1 0003163.1653
    天津塘沽台1 5005003.0079
    天津宝坻台1 0002005.0055
    江苏江宁台1 0003003.3353
    辽宁新城子1 0003003.3353
    注:P1为地电阻率测量时噪声与信号之比,P2为地铁到台站电阻率与台站电阻率之比,δ为相对均方差。
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-12-29
  • 修回日期:  2022-02-23
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-09-02
  • 刊出日期:  2023-03-15

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