Analysis of seismic response characteristics of high and steep slope in Lengzhuguan gully
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摘要:
四川省泸定县冷竹关沟两岸属于高陡斜坡，距2022年5月20日汉源MS4.8地震震中52 km。基于冷竹关沟监测剖面上安置的4台强震仪对汉源MS4.8地震的监测数据，分析了高陡斜坡上的地震波响应规律，并与前人研究成果对比，结果显示：① 斜坡对此次地震的地震波放大效应在水平南北向最为显著，右岸半岛状山梁处的放大作用强于左岸浑厚山体，且随着高程的增加场地的放大作用逐渐增大；② 斜坡右岸的地震动卓越频率为2—6 Hz，左岸主要分布在7—13 Hz，冷竹关沟高陡斜坡的地震动卓越频率在半岛状山梁部位以特低频为主，在浑厚山体斜坡以中低频为主，在未来可能发生的地震中，斜坡更容易与卓越频率在此范围内的地震动记录发生共振作用，以致坡体地震动响应强烈；③ 冷竹关沟高陡斜坡存在地震波背坡效应，同时该处斜坡对地震波的放大效应还受到微地形的控制，地震波在右岸坡顶凸起地形处能量最为强烈，右岸斜坡坡顶在地震波经过时更容易发生崩塌等次生灾害。
Abstract:The northwest region of Sichuan is located in the southeastern part of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, with well-developed mountain and canyon landforms and frequent earthquakes. It belongs to a seismically active mountainous region. Both sides of Lengzhuguan gully in Luding County, Sichuan Province belong to high and steep slopes, which are representative in the high mountain and canyon areas of western China. At the same time, Lengzhuguan gully is located in the transitional zone from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau to the Sichuan Basin, as well as the “Y” shaped area where the southwest end of the Longmenshan Fault Zone intersects with the Xianshui River Fault Zone, The tectonic activity in the area is strong, and the setting up strong earthquake monitoring profiles here can effectively monitor seismic wave information in the nearby area. These seismic data can be used to effectively analyze the seismic dynamic characteristics of the terrain in the area. On May 20, 2022, an MS4.8 earthquake occurred in Hanyuan County, Sichuan Province, with the epicenter 52 km away from the Lengzhuguan gully monitoring profile. This earthquake triggered the installation of four strong seismic instruments on the Lengzhuguan gully monitoring profile, and obtained seismic wave time history data of the Hanyuan MS4.8 earthquake. To study the seismic wave response law on high and steep slopes, the peak acceleration and Arias intensity characteristics of this seismic wave were analyzed through the time history curve of monitoring points, Obtain the peak acceleration amplification coefficient and Arias intensity amplification coefficient of different elevation monitoring points. After processing and analyzing the acceleration time-history curve （including filtering and correction）, we have calculated the three-component seismic acceleration response spectra under different damping ratios （5%, 10%, 20%）. Studying the terrain amplification effect of seismic waves in different parts of the slope, and comparing and analyzing with previous research results based on the Kangding MS6.3 earthquake and Lushan MS7.0 earthquake monitoring data in Lengzhuguan gully, we revealed that the seismic response characteristics on both sides of Lengzhuguan gully. The results showed that: ① The high and steep slope of Lengzhuguan gully had a clear directional amplification effect on the seismic wave of the Hanyuan MS4.8 earthquake, which was the most significant in the horizontal north-south direction. At the same time, the amplification effect at the peninsula shaped mountain ridge on the right bank was stronger than that on the thick mountain body on the left bank, and it shows a trend of increasing with the elevation increasement; ② Comparing the Kangding MS6.3 earthquake and the Lushan MS7.0 earthquake, we can see that the predominant frequency of ground motion on the right bank of Lengzhuguan gully is 2−6 Hz, and the dominant frequency on the left bank is 7−13 Hz. This indicates that the dominant frequency of seismic waves on this slope is mainly at ultra-low frequencies in the peninsula shaped mountain ridge, and at median low frequencies in the thick mountain slope. For the possible earthquake in the future, the high and steep slope of Lengzhuguan gully is more likely to resonate with seismic waves that having dominant frequencies mentioned above, which may result in a strong seismic response of the slope. The lower the characteristic frequency of high and steep slopes, the stronger the amplification effect; ③ Compared with the seismic monitoring data of Kangding MS6.3, it indicates the existence of the back slope effect of seismic waves. At the same time, the amplification effect of the slope on seismic waves is also controlled by the microtopography. The seismic waves converge at monitoring point 1, and the seismic energy is the strongest. This indicates that the right bank slope top is more prone to seismic response and secondary disasters such as landslides under the influence of the protruding aerial terrain at the top of the mountain ridge.
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图 1 监测点位置与震中关系图
Figure 1. Relationship between monitoring point location and epicenters
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图 2 监测点平面布置图（罗永红等，2013）（a）及监剖面图（b）
Figure 2. The layout of monitoring points （Luo et al，2013）（a） and monitoring profile map （b）
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图 3 1#—4# （a−d）监测点加速度时程曲线
Figure 3. Acceleration time history curves of 1#—4# （a−d） monitoring points
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图 4 1#—4# （a−d）监测点加速度反应谱
Figure 4. Acceleration response spectrum of 1#—4# （a−d） monitoring points
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图 5 1#—4#（a−d）监测点连续小波三分量分解图
Figure 5. Three−component continuous wavelet decomposition of 1#—4# （a−d） monitoring points
表 1 各监测点位置参数
Table 1 Location parameters of monitoring points
监测点 高程/m 与谷底
高差/m地理位置 岩性 东经 北纬 1# 1516 106 102º09′28.18″ 30º02′58.16″ 花岗岩 2# 1478 68 102º09′29.06″ 30º03′03.06″ 花岗岩 3# 1419 9 102º09′26.37″ 30º03′07.14″ 花岗岩 4# 1494 84 102º09′23.06″ 30º03′05.31″ 花岗岩 
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表 2 各监测点地震动响应特征
Table 2 Seismic response characteristics of monitoring points
监测点 峰值加速度/（m·s−2） 阿里亚斯强度/（m·s−1） EW SN UD EW SN UD 1# 0.369 0.599 0.304 1.414 2.289 0.414 2# 0.167 0.173 0.112 0.109 0.136 0.057 3# 0.065 0.052 0.050 0.014 0.010 0.009 4# 0.132 0.171 0.081 0.067 0.097 0.037
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表 3 各监测点加速度分量反应谱特征周期
Table 3 Characteristic period of acceleration component response spectrum at each monitoring point
监测点 特征周期T/s EW向 NS向 UD向 1# 0.30 0.30 0.14 2# 0.08 0.08 0.06 3# 0.08 0.32 0.12 4# 0.08 0.08 0.06
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表 4 各监测点波峰参数表
Table 4 Peak parameters of monitoring points
监测点 EW向 NS向 UD向 时间/s 频率/Hz 幅值/（m·s−2） 时间/s 频率/Hz 幅值/（m·s−2） 时间/s 频率/Hz 幅值/（m·s−2） 1# 15.26 3.21 0.193 14.09 2.86 0.271 14.53 7.50 0.108 2# 18.45 10.71 0.036 18.41 2.86 0.062 18.25 6.79 0.032 3# 18.94 11.07 0.015 18.97 3.21 0.022 18.89 3.57 0.012 4# 19.01 10.71 0.042 19.30 12.86 0.034 18.90 7.14 0.019
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表 5 监测点峰值加速度放大系数和阿里亚斯强度放大系数
Table 5 Peak acceleration amplification factor and Arias intensity amplifcation factor of monitoring points
监测点 峰值加速度放大系数 阿里亚斯强度放大系数 EW向 NS向 UD向 EW向 NS向 UD向 1# 5.7 11.5 6.1 101 229 46 2# 2.6 3.3 2.2 7.8 13.6 6.3 4# 2.6 3.3 1.6 6.9 6.7 4.1
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表 6 三次地震卓越频率范围对比
Table 6 Comparison of predominant frequency range of three earthquakes
监测点 地震动卓越频率范围/Hz 汉源MS4.8地震 康定MS6.3地震 芦山MS7.0地震 1# 2—8 2—6 3—7 2# 2—11 2—6 2—5
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表 7 汉源MS4.8和康定MS6.3地震峰值加速度和阿里亚斯强度放大系数对比
Table 7 Comparison of peak acceleration and Arias intensity amplification factor of Hanyuan MS4.8 and Kangding MS6.3 earthquakes
地震 峰值加速度放大系数 阿里亚斯强度放大系数 EW向 SN向 UD向 EW向 SN向 UD向 汉源MS4.8 2.21 3.46 2.71 12.97 16.83 7.26 康定MS6.3 2.67 2.11 3.06 10.29 11.09 10.00
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