Rupture process of the January 2022 Menyuan，Qinghai MS6.9 earthquake revealed by inversion of regional broadband seismograms
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摘要: 基于有限断层模型反演方法，利用区域宽频带数据反演了2022年1月青海门源MS6.9地震的震源破裂过程，并结合地质构造与地震重定位结果判断发震断层走向。综合反演结果表明：此次地震的发震断层走向为NWW向，主要以走滑为主；破裂主要发生在震源两侧，可能存在着双侧破裂，在震后2 s、9 s出现破裂极大值，最大错动量约为1.5 m，位于深度约6 km处，发生明显破裂的深度约为16 km，地表破裂长度约20 km；此次地震释放的标量地震矩为1.23×1019 N·m，相当于矩震级MW6.7。地震能量主要在前15 s释放；发震断层面的倾角为84.6°，接近于垂直，由于破裂范围较大，所以发生明显错动分布的地表投影也长达34 km。Abstract: Based on regional broadband waveform records, we investigate the rupture process of the January 2022 Menyuan MS6.9 earthquake by using the finite fault inversion method, and then combined with the geological knowledge and aftershock relocation results to determine the actual rupture fault., The inversion results show that the Menyuan earthquake occurred on a WNW-trending strike-slip fault. The rupture mainly occurred on both sides of the hypocenter, with a bilateral rupture characteristic. The maximum ruptures on the two sides of the hypocenter occurred at 2 s and 9 s. In terms of rupture scale, the depth of obvious rupture and the length of surface rupture are about 16 km and 20 km, and the maximum slip of 1.5 m occurs at about 6km. The seismic energy is mainly released in the first 15 s. The total seismic moment released is 1.23×1019 N·m, equivalent to MW6.67. The dip angle of the seismogenic fault plane is 84.6°, almost vertical. Due to the large range of rupture, the surface projection of obvious rupture is up to 34 km.
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图 1 青藏高原东北缘构造背景和历史地震活动
（a） 青藏高原东北缘2010—2022年ML≥3.0地震分布及MS≥5.0地震的震源机制解，图中红色六角星为两次MS≥6.0地震的震中位置；沙滩球为MS≥5.0地震的震源机制解；红线为断裂带；（b） 2022年1月门源MS6.9地震的震中及周边MS≥5.0地震的震源机制解，F1：肃南—祁连断裂，F2：托莱山断裂；F3：冷龙岭断裂；（c） 研究区位置及块体运动方向示意图，图中红色箭头指示地块运动方向，黑色方框为研究区
Figure 1. Tectonic settings，historical earthquakes and focal mechanisms of MS≥5.0 earthquakes in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau
（a） Distribution of ML≥3.0 earthquakes and focal mechanisms of MS≥5.0 earthquakes in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau from January 2010 to January 2022， where red stars are epicenters of two MS≥6.0 earthquakes，beach balls show focal mechanisms of the earthquakes of MS≥5.0；（b） Epicenter of the January 2022 Menyuan MS6.9 earthquake and focal mechanisms of MS≥5.0 earthquakes in the surrounding region，F1：Sunan-Qilian fault；F2：Tuolaishan fault；F3：Lenglongling fault； （c） Location of study area and the schematic illustration of block motion directions，where red arrows indicate the directions of block movements，and the black box shows the study area
图 4 台站（蓝色三角形）分布图（a）和以节面Ⅰ为断层面的反演破裂过程的波形拟合（b）
黑色与红色波形分别为观测与理论波形；波形左侧大写字母E，N，Z分别表示东西、南北、垂直三个分量，波形上方数字为最大振幅
Figure 4. Station distribution （blue triangles）（a） and waveform fitness when using nodal plane Ⅰ as the fault plane in slip distribution inversion （b）
Black and red traces are observed and synthetic waveforms，respectively. Capital letters on the left stand for the east-west，north-south and vertical components. The number above each trace indicates the maximum amplitude of the data
图 2 本研究中用来反演震源机制解及破裂过程的地壳分层速度模型
Figure 2. Layered crustal velocity model used in the inversions of focal mechanism and rupture process in this study
图 3 2022年1月门源MS6.9地震（图a中星形所示）的余震分布
（a） 地表投影；（b） 在AB剖面上的投影；（c） 在CD剖面上的投影
Figure 3. Distribution of the aftershocks of the January 2022 Menyuan MS6.9 earthquake
（a） Projection of aftershocks on the surface；（b） Projection of aftershocks on the cross section AB； （c） Projection of aftershocks on the cross section CD
图 5 以震源机制解中节面Ⅰ为断层面反演得到的震源破裂过程
（a） 错动在断层面上的分布黑色箭头表示破裂错动方向，黑色等值线为破裂开始时间，蓝色五角星为震源位置；（b） 地震矩释放率函数
Figure 5. Slip distribution obtained by using nodal plane I in the focal mechanism solution as the fault plane
（a） Slip distribution on the fault plane； black arrows represent both the amount （length） and direction of slip；blue star shows the hypocentral location；（b） Seismic moment release rate as a function of time
图 6 门源主震三维模型下地震错动分布
Figure 6. The fault slip distribution in the 3D model of Menyuan earthquake
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